© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Removable Media Chapter 11

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Overview In this chapter, you will learn to –Explain and install floppy disk drives –Demonstrate the variations among flash drives and other tiny drives –Identify and install optical-media technology –Troubleshoot removable-media drives

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved What Is Removable Media? Floppy drives –Traditional floppy Flash drives –USB thumb drives to flash memory Optical media –CD-ROMs to DVDs External drives –Any drive that connects via an external cable

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Floppy Drive Basics

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Floppy Drives Floppy disk inserts into floppy drive Lit LED indicates data is being read or written to disk 3½-inch 1.44 MB disappearing 5¼-inch legacy

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Installing Floppy Drives Essentials CompTIA A+ Essentials

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Installing Floppy Drives Floppy drives designated A: or B: Floppy drives connect to the computer via a 34-pin ribbon cable Cables supporting two floppy drives use a seven-wire twist

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Inserting Ribbon Cables Connect Pin 1 on cable to Pin 1 on motherboard Pin 1 on cable has red stripe Many connectors are notched

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Installing Floppy Drives Power –3½-inch use mini-connector CMOS –Usually configured to use 3½ inch, 1.44 MB –Can disable Boot Up Floppy Seek –Can change boot order to boot off floppy

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Flash Memory

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Flash Memory Same type of memory used in CMOS Two different families 1. USB thumb drives 2. Memory cards

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved USB Thumb Drives Commonly used as replacement for floppy disks to transport data AKA jump drive or flash drive Hot-swappable Cross-platform compatibility Can create bootable thumb drives

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Memory or Flash Cards Compact Flash (CF) –Use simplified PCMCIA bus –Two sizes: CF I and CF II –Some are actually micro hard drives with platters and heads SmartMedia –Was competitor to CF –Replaced by Secure Digital

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Memory or Flash Cards Secure Digital –Most common today –Size of postage stamp –SD and SDIO versions –Mini and micro forms available –Popular in cell phones Memory Stick –Sony proprietary format –Used in Sony devices that use flash memory

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Memory or Flash Cards xD Picture Card –Developed by Olympus (proprietary) –Used almost exclusively in Olympus and Fujifilm digital cameras –Version available in USB housing Card Readers –Allow reading the different types of memory cards –Available separately –Often installed in PC

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Optical Drives

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD-Media Includes CD- and DVD-media Generically called optical discs Drives called optical drives Includes –CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD+RW, HD-DVD

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved How CDs Work Stores data in microscopic pits –Burned in with power laser on glass master –Copies made on plastic copies –Covered with reflective metallic covering –Data on top under label –Written in “pits” and “lands” –Standard CD holds about 650 MB

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD Formats CD-Digital Audio (CDDA) –Music CDs CD-ROM –Added file support and directory structure for PCs –Many different types ISO-9660 defines CD File System (CDFS)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD Formats IUSO-9660 Extensions –Joliet Microsoft’s extension Supported by Mac and Linux –Rock Ridge Open standard for UNIX –El Torito Enabled bootable CDs –Apple Extensions Proprietary Can’t be read by Windows

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD-ROM Speeds First CD-ROM had speed of 150 KBps All others multiples of 150 KBps 1X 150 KBps10X 1500 KBps40X 6000 KBps 2X 300 KBps12X 1800 KBps48X 7200 KBps 3X 450 KBps16X 2400 KBps52X 7800 KBps 4X 600 KBps24X 3600 KBps60X 9000 KBps 6X 900 KBps32X 4800 KBps72X KBps 8X 1200 KBps36X 5400 KBps

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD-R (CD-Recordable) Gave users ability to record or burn CDs CD-Rs come in two sizes –74-minute 650 MB –80-minute 700 MB –Most CD-R burners now support 80-minute CDs Single-session and multi-session –Single-session data can be added only once –Multi-session allows data to be added multiple times (all modern CD-Rs are multi-session) –Two speeds: read speed and write speed (8x/24x)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) CD-R drives have been replaced by CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) drives –CD-R discs sill around (cheaper) –CD-R can be written to only once –CD-RW disks allow data to be written and overwritten

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) CD Rewritable (CD-RW) works by –Using a laser to heat an amorphous (non- crystalline) substance –When cooled slowly becomes crystalline –The crystalline areas are reflective –The amorphous areas are not The MultiRead method allows regular CD-ROM drives to read CD-RW discs

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) Most CD-RW drives today utilize a function called packet writing Uses special format called the Universal Data Format (UDF) –Replacement for ISO-9660 –All movie DVDs use this Packet writing and UDF give drag-and- drop capabilities to CD-RW drives CD-RW drive specs have three multiplier values: write, rewrite, read (8x4x32)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Windows and CD-media All optical drives ATAPI-compliant –Means they plug into ATA controllers Windows XP supports drag- and-drop for burning data onto CDs –Third-party software needed to create bootable CDs or CDs from ISO images

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Music CDs Different format—Music CD-R –Can record to a Music CD-R or CD-RW –Can not record from one –Designed to restrict duplication of copyrighted music

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Digital Video Discs (DVD) Developed by a consortium of electronics and entertainment firms –Released as digital video discs (DVD) in 1995 –DVD uses smaller pits than CD-media and packs them more densely, creating much higher data capacities –Both single-sided (SS) and dual-sided (DS) formats –Single-layer (SL) and dual-layer (DL) formats DVD VersionCapacity DVD-5 (SS/SL)4.37 GB (> 2 hours of video) DVD-9 (SS/DL)7.95 GB 4 hours of video) DVD-10 (DS/SL)8.74 GB 4.5 hours of video) DVD-18 (DS/DL)15.9 GB (> 8 hours of video)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved DVD-Video DVD-Video can store two hours of video on one side –Supports TV-style 4:3 aspect ratio screens as well as 16:9 theatre screens Some producers distribute both on opposite sides of the DVD –Uses MPEG-2 video and audio compression standard Up to 1280x720 at 60 frames per second with CD-quality audio

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved DVD-ROM & Recordable DVD DVD-ROM –Similar to CD-ROM data format –Can store up to 16 GB of data –Support DVD-video and most CD-ROM formats Recordable DVD –DVD-R and DVD+R May write to them like CD-R Cannot erase –DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM Written and rewritten like CD-RW –Combo drives can do all of these - look for DVD Multi on the label –Not all players read all formats

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Installing Optical Drives Most look the same from a distance –Most also install the same way –Most use PATA or SATA & support ATAPI –Typically set up as slave when using PATA –Some are SCSI or USB

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Installing Optical Drives Does Windows recognize the CD-ROM? –Check Device Manager To disable Autoplay on XP, use Group Policy

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Applications CD-ROM drive installation does not require applications CD-R and CD-RW require applications for burning capabilities –Nero Burning ROM –Roxio’s Easy Media Creator –CDBurnerXP Pro

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved ISO Files Complete copy of CD or DVD Can download ISO image and burn to CD –Provides fully functional CD Commonly used to share copies of bootable CDs

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Troubleshooting Removable Media CompTIA A+ Technician IT Technician

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Floppy Drive Maintenance Floppy drives frequently fail –Exposure to outside environment and mechanical damage are common causes Floppy drive cleaning kits can be used to clean drives –Can also use cotton swab with denatured alcohol

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Repairing Floppy Drives 1.Check for a bad floppy disk 2.Check for data errors on the disk 3.Check the CMOS settings 4.Blame the floppy controller 5.Check the cable 6.Replace the floppy drive

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Troubleshooting Connectivity problems –Occur if the power connector is not plugged in, cables are inserted incorrectly, or the jumpers have been misconfigured CDs may be dirty –Don’t believe someone who says CDs can be cleaned in dishwasher

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Troubleshooting Most modern CD-media drives have a built-in cleaning mechanism CD-media discs can be easily cleaned using a damp cloth or mild detergent Problems such as stuck discs can be resolved with paper clip –Find the small hole on the front of the CD drive –Insert a small wire (paper clip) in the hole to manually eject the CD-media from the drive

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Burning Issues Know what it can do –Check out technical documentation before making a purchase –Type review and the model number in a search engine to get other opinions Media issues –Media quality is based on speed and inks Check for a manufacturer guarantee on speed

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Buffer Underrun Most often occurs when copying from CD-ROM to CD-R or CD-RW –Inability of the source device to keep the burner loaded with data –Make sure your CD-RW drive has 2 MB or larger buffer –Create an image file—one big file on the hard drive first because any hard drive can keep up with a CD burner

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Firmware Updates Most drives come with an upgradeable Flash ROM chip Check the manufacturer’s Web site for updates

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Beyond A+ Color books –Different specifications identified by colors –Red, yellow, green, orange, white, blue High-Definition Optical Drives –HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc –Higher capabilities in size and time –Higher capabilities in resolution

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved