© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Removable Media Chapter 13

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Overview In this chapter, you will learn how to –Explain and install floppy disk drives –Demonstrate the variations among flash drives and other tiny drives –Identify and install optical-media technology –Troubleshoot removable media

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition What Is Removable Media? Floppy drives –Traditional floppy Flash drives –USB thumb drives to flash memory Optical media –CD-ROMs to DVDs External drives –Any drive that connects via an external cable

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Floppy Drive Basics

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Floppy Drives Floppy disk inserts into floppy drive Lit LED indicates data is being read or written to disk 3½-inch 1.44 MB High Density disappearing 5¼-inch legacy

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Installing Floppy Drives Essentials CompTIA A+ Essentials

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Installing Floppy Drives Floppy drives designated A: or B: Floppy drives connect to the computer via a 34-pin ribbon cable Cables supporting two floppy drives use a seven-wire twist

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Inserting Ribbon Cables Connect Pin 1 on cable to Pin 1 on motherboard Pin 1 on cable has red stripe Many connectors are keyed Reverse on one end, LED stays on

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Installing Floppy Drives Power –3½-inch use mini-connector CMOS –Usually configured to use 3½ inch, 1.44 MB –Can disable Boot Up Floppy Seek –Can change boot order to boot off floppy

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Lab – Installing a Floppy Drive 1.Connect the data cable –34-pin connector to FDD controller on motherboard –34-pin connector (closest to the twist) to floppy drive 2.Connect the power supply’s mini-connector to the floppy drive 3.Boot the computer – watch the LED 4.Turn off the computer 5.Remove the 34-pin cable on the floppy drive, reinstall the cable backward –DO NOT reverse the power connection!!!! 6.Reboot the computer – watch the LED

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Flash Memory

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Flash Memory Same type of memory used in CMOS Two different families 1. USB thumb drives 2. Memory cards

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition USB Thumb Drives Commonly used as replacement for floppy disks to transport data Also known as jump drive or flash drive Hot-swappable Cross-platform compatibility Can create bootable thumb drives

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Memory or Flash Cards Compact Flash (CF) –Use simplified PCMCIA bus –Two sizes: CF I and CF II –Some are actually micro hard drives with platters and heads SmartMedia –Was competitor to CF –Replaced by Secure Digital

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Memory or Flash Cards (continued) Secure Digital –Most common today –Size of postage stamp –SD and SDIO versions –Mini and micro forms available – Popular in cell phones Memory Stick –Sony proprietary format –Used in Sony devices that use flash memory

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Memory or Flash Cards (continued) xD Picture Card –Developed by Olympus (proprietary) –Used almost exclusively in Olympus and Fujifilm digital cameras –Version available in USB housing Card Reader –Ability to read the different types of memory cards –Available separately –Often installed in PC

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Optical Drives

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Optical Media Includes CD-, DVD-, and BD-media Generically called optical discs Drives called optical drives Includes –CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD+RW, HD-DVD, BD, BD-R, BD-RE

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition How CDs Work Stores data in microscopic pits –Burned in with power laser on glass master –Copies made on plastic copies –Covered with reflective metallic covering –Data on top under reflective label Written in “pits” and “lands” –Laser picks up on the reflected pattern of the pits and lands, and drive converts these to ones and zeroes –Standard CD holds ~650 MB –Watch those scratches!

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition CD Formats CD-Digital Audio (CDDA) –Music CDs CD-ROM –Added file support and directory structure for PCs –Many different types ISO-9660 defines CD File System (CDFS)

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition CD Formats ISO-9660 Extensions –Joliet Microsoft’s extension Supported by Mac and Linux –Rock Ridge Open standard for UNIX –El Torito Enabled bootable CDs –Apple Extensions Proprietary Can’t be read by Windows

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition CD-ROM Speeds First CD-ROM had speed of 150 KBps − Painfully slow! All others multiples of 150 KBps 1× 150 KBps10× 1500 KBps40× 6000 KBps 2 × 300 KBps12 × 1800 KBps48 × 7200 KBps 3 × 450 KBps16 × 2400 KBps52 × 7800 KBps 4× 600 KBps 24 × 3600 KBps60 × 9000 KBps 6× 900 KBps 32 × 4800 KBps72 × KBps 8 × 1200 KBps36 × 5400 KBps

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition CD-R (CD-Recordable) Gave users ability to record or burn CDs CD-Rs come in two sizes –74-minute 650 MB –80-minute 700 MB –Most CD-R burners now support 80-minute CDs Single-session and multi-session –Single-session data can be added only once –Multi-session enables data to be added multiple times (all modern CD-Rs are multi-session) –Two speeds: write speed and read speed (8×/24×)

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) CD-R drives have been replaced by CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) drives –CD-R discs still around (less expensive) –CD-R can be written to only once –CD-RW discs allow data to be written and overwritten

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition CD-RW (continued) CD Rewritable (CD-RW) works by –Using a laser to heat an amorphous (non-crystalline) substance –When cooled slowly becomes crystalline –The crystalline areas are reflective –The amorphous areas are not Why buy a CD-R drive when a CD-RW drive can write to both CD-R and CD-RW discs?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition CD-RW (continued) CD-RW drive specs have three multiplier values: write, rewrite, read (8 × 4 × 32) Can use special format called the Universal Data Format (UDF) –Replacement for ISO-9660 –All movie DVDs use this –No Windows support until Vista for writing to UDF-formatted discs (all Windows versions can read) Required third-party software UDF supports packet writing, enabling drag and drop—and delete — with CD-RWs

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Windows and CD-media All optical drives ATAPI-compliant –Means they plug into ATA controllers Windows XP/Vista support drag-and-drop for burning data onto CDs –Third-party software needed to create bootable CDs or CDs from ISO images

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Music CDs Different format—Music CD-R –Can record to a Music CD-R or CD-RW –Cannot record from one –Designed to restrict duplication of copyrighted music

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) Developed by a consortium of electronics and entertainment firms –Released as digital video discs (DVD) in 1995 –DVD uses smaller pits than CD-media and packs them more densely, creating much higher data capacities –Both single-sided (SS) and dual-sided (DS) formats –Single-layer (SL) and dual-layer (DL) formats DVD VersionCapacityMarketing DVD-5 (SS/SL)4.37 GB4.70 GB DVD-9 (SS/DL)7.95 GB8.54 GB DVD-10 (DS/SL)8.74 GB9.40 GB DVD-18 (DS/DL)15.90 GB17.08 GB

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition DVD-Video DVD-Video can store two+ hours of video on one side –Supports TV-style 4:3 aspect ratio screens as well as 16:9 theater screens Some producers distribute both on opposite sides of the DVD –Uses MPEG-2 video and audio compression standard Up to 1280 × 720 at 60 frames per second with CD-quality audio

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition DVD-ROM and Recordable DVD DVD-ROM –Similar to CD-ROM data format –Can store up to 16 GB of data –Players support DVD-video and most CD-ROM formats Recordable DVD –DVD-R and DVD+R May write to them like CD-R Cannot erase –DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD- RAM Written and rewritten like CD-RW –Combo drives can do all of these − look for DVD Multi on the label –Not all players read all formats

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Blu-ray Disc Larger capacity than CD or DVD –25 GB single-layer –50 GB dual-layer Three types of disc –BD-ROM (read only) –BD-R (recordable) –BD-RE (rewritable) Most Blu-ray disc drives read CD and DVD discs

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Installing Optical Drives Most look the same from a distance –Most also install the same way –Most use PATA or SATA and support ATAPI –Typically set up as slave when using PATA –Some are SCSI or USB

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Installing Optical Drives (continued) Does the drive show up in the System Setup Utility? Does Windows recognize the optical drive? –Check Device Manager

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Configuring Windows After installation, Windows 2000/XP automatically plays optical discs −To disable AutoPlay in 2000, edit the Registry −Or you can use Group Policy Or just hold down the left SHIFT key to bypass AutoPlay after inserting an optical disc

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition AutoPlay in Vista More robust implementation Can select specific actions –What to do with media –Which programs to run Control Panel | Hardware and Sound

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Applications CD-ROM drive installation does not require applications CD-R and CD-RW require applications for burning capabilities in Windows 2000 and XP (to a lesser extent) –Nero Burning ROM –Roxio’s Easy Media Creator –CDBurnerXP Pro

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition ISO Files Complete copy of CD or DVD Can download ISO image and burn to CD –Provides fully functional CD – Commonly used to share copies of bootable CDs

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Blu-ray Disc Drive Issues No special hardware needed if just a storage device Special hardware needed for watching HD movies –Good processor –1+ GB RAM in XP; 2+ GB RAM in Vista –HDCP-compliant video card High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection DVI or HDMI connector –Check CyberLink for the BD Advisor to see if your system measures up

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Troubleshooting Removable Media CompTIA A+ Technician IT Technician

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Floppy Drive Maintenance Floppy drives sometimes fail –Exposure to outside environment and mechanical damage are common causes Floppy drive cleaning kits can be used to clean drives –Can also use cotton swab with denatured alcohol

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Troubleshooting Optical Drives Connectivity problems –Occur if the power connector is not plugged in, cables are inserted incorrectly, or the jumpers have been misconfigured Disc may be dirty –Don’t believe someone who says optical discs can be cleaned in dishwasher

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Troubleshooting Optical Drives (continued) Optical-media discs can be easily cleaned using a damp cloth or mild detergent –Clean from center to edge, not circular motion Problems such as stuck discs can be resolved with paper clip –Find the small hole on the front of the optical drive –Insert a small wire (paper clip) in the hole to manually eject the disc from the drive

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Lab – Manually Eject Optical Media 1.Create a universal optical disc ejector (an unfolded paper clip) 2.Find the small hole on the front of the optical drive 3.Insert the paper clip, feel around for a latch 4.Push the latch in with the paper clip 5.Drive will open

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Burning Issues Know what it can do –Check out technical documentation before making a purchase –Type review and the model number in a search engine to get other opinions Media issues –Some brands of discs work better in certain brands of optical drives. Try several for your drives. –Media quality is based on speed and inks Check for a manufacturer guarantee on speed

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Buffer Underrun Most often occurs when copying from optical disc to optical disc –Inability of the source device to keep the burner loaded with data –Make sure your optical drive has 2 MB or larger buffer –Create an image file—one big file on the hard drive first, because any hard drive can keep up with a CD/DVD/BD burner –All current CD-RW, DVD, and BD burners have BURN-Proof technology to avoid buffer underruns

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Firmware Updates Most drives come with an upgradeable Flash ROM chip Check the manufacturer’s Web site for updates

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition Beyond A+ Color books –Different optical-technology specifications identified by a color –Red, yellow, green, orange, white, blue – Audio CDs use the Red book – Recordable CDs use the Orange book

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs Third Edition