Intro – Broadband Needs

Consumer Choice…Today Digital & IPG On Demand 1.5 Mbps 5 Mbps 1.0 Mbps Data on TV Video on your cell VoIP

Customer Choice…Tomorrow Home Networking for Video, Voice and Data Home Telepresence Any Content…Any Where…Any Time HDTV & DVRs

Global Traffic Growth Consumer Applications Bandwidth Required Internet Mbps VoIP 30Kbps-100 Kbps Interactive Gaming 128k Mbps Video on Demand Mbps Broadcast TV (SD-TV) 3.0 – 5.0 Mbps HDTV MPEG-46.0 – 7.0 Mbps IPTV Internet Access VoIP IP Traffic Time

One way – Fiber to the Home Less Expensive Thinner Higher Carrying capacity Less signal degradation Light signals Lowe Power Digital Signals Non-flammable Light weight

How “fast” is fiber optics? Copper wire (twisted pair) up to ~ 100 Mb/sec (short distances) – 1,500 phone calls – 2 TV channels – 2 Bibles/sec Coaxial cable (also copper) Up to ~1 Gb/sec (short distances) – 15,000 phone calls – 20 TV channels (> 200 with “data compression”) – 20 bibles/second Optical Fiber up to 50 Tb/s (50,000 Gb/s) (long distances) – 0.78 billion phone calls – 1 million TV channels – 1 million Bibles/second

Moving from Copper to Fiber… CO // 19 Mbps - 1 Gbps +Optical networks, optimized for voice, video and data CO/HE // Old networks, optimized for voice 24 kbps Mbps

Comparison Fiber vs Copper FiberCopper Uses LightUses Electricity TransparentOpaque Dielectric Material – non-conductive - EMI Immune Electrically Conductive Material - Susceptible to EMI Low Thermal ExpansionHigh Thermal Expansion Brittle, Rigid MaterialDuctile Material Chemically StableSubject to Corrosion & Galvanic Reactions Recyclable

Introduction to Optical Fibers. Fibers of glass Usually 120 micrometers in diameter Used to carry signals in the form of light over long distances No repeaters needed.

Introduction (Cont…) Core – thin glass center of the fiber where light travels. Cladding – outer optical material surrounding the core Buffer Coating – plastic coating that protects the fiber.

Type of Fibers Optical fibers come in two types: Single-mode fibers – used to transmit one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser. Multi-mode fibers – used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.

Total Internal Reflection in Fiber

FTTX Refers to several different optical fiber architectures Most Common terms: – Fiber to the node / neighborhood (FTTN) – Fiber to the building (FTTB) – Fiber to the home (FTTH)