Presented by Ambassador Hazairin Pohan Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia 1

Myanmar Thailand Cambodia Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Brunei Darussalam Philippines Viet Nam Lao PDR 2

 Covers an area of 4.46 million square kilometers (3% of the Earth’s total land area)  A population of approximately 591 million people (8.8% of the world population)  Third largest economy after Japan and China  Combined nominal GDP of more than US$ 2 trillion and is estimated to exceed US$ 3 trillion by 2016  ASEAN Archipelagic Sea-lane contributes to 45% of the world sea trade  Proved its stability during the 2008 crisis and is currently showing its resilience amidst the global crisis 3

1967 Bangkok Declaration 1976 Bali Concord I 2003 Bali Concord II = ASEAN Community 2011 ASEAN Community in a Global Community of Nations (Bali Concord III) 2011 ASEAN Community in a Global Community of Nations (Bali Concord III) 4

In 1976, Bali witnessed the birth of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC), also known as Bali Concord I, where member countries agreed that among ASEAN nations, each will not use force but will seek peaceful solutions in resolving conflicts. To date, there are 29 (countries) High Contracting Parties, guided by the following fundamental principles:  Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations;  The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion, or coercion;  Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another;  Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner;  Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and  Effective cooperation among themselves. 5

The Bali Concord II, which was endorsed at the Ninth ASEAN Summit in October 2003, is a historic step toward regional integration. The Bali Concord II consists of three pillars, namely an ASEAN Security Community (ASC), an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and an ASEAN Socio-cultural Community (ASCC) among ASEAN member countries. 6

 Promote Economic Integration: ie. enhance ASEAN’s effective participation in regional and global economic initiatives impacting on the region.  Promote Economic Stability: ie. strengthen macroeconomic coordination and promoting financial cooperation at the regional and global level.  Promote Economic Development: ie. strengthen cooperation with relevant international organizations in promoting higher level of economic dynamism, sustained prosperity, and inclusive growth 7

 Signed by 10 Heads of State/Government of ASEAN at the 13 th ASEAN Summit in Singapore (20 November 2007)  Entry into force on 15 December 2008 after all ASEAN Member States ratified the Charter  13 Chapters and 55 Articles  Legal Personality of ASEAN  ASEAN a Rules Based and People Oriented Organization 8

POLITICAL SECURITY SOCIAL CULTURE ECONOMY ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC) “Enhancing peace, stability, democracy and prosperity in the region through comprehensive political and security cooperation” ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) “Enhancing competitive- ness for economic growth and development through closer economic integration” ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community (ASCC) “Nurturing human, cultural and natural resources for sustained development in a harmonious and people-centered ASEAN”. INTERRELATION OF THE THREE PILLARS TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN COMMUNITY 9

 Regional Architecture is a fluid concept without a formal destination  A set of common mechanism or institution to enable regional cooperation to achieve its goals  A process of community building in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the wider region, whereby ASEAN will be its driving force 10

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MAJOR TRADE ROUTES AND STRAITS 12

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PDR of Korea Timor Leste ARF Europian Union (27 member countries) Mongolia Pakistan ASEM China Korea Japan ASEAN + 3 Lao PDR Philippines Thailand Singapore Brunei Darussalam Vietnam Malaysia Myanmar Cambodia Indonesia ASEAN APEC Canada Chile Mexico Peru Hong Kong, China Taipei, China Papua New Guinea Australia New Zealand India EAS United States Russia Palau FSM Marshall Is Kiribati Nauru Tuvalu Niue Tonga Samoa Cook Is Fiji Is Solomon Is Vanuatu PIF Bhutan Sri Lanka Nepal Maldives Bangladesh Afghanistan SAARC 14

ASEAN EAS ASEAN Plus Three EAS ASEAN + 1 ARF ADMM-PLUS Elements of Regional Arcitecture ASEAN+1, ASEAN+3, East Asia Summit, ARF, dan ADMM Plus 15

Evolving Issues within Regional Architecture Encompassing a wide array of strategic issues of concern to the countries in various regional mechanism such as ASEAN+1, ASEAN+3, EAS, ADMM- Plus, and ARF. Political and Security: Regional Architecture to maintain peace and stability in the region Economy: Regional Architecture to ensure sustainable economic development Socio-Cultural: Regional Arcitecture to deepen solidarity toward one another through building respect for their cultural diversity, beliefs, and races and be in assistance to one another 16

ASEAN-Japan TAC (2004) ASEAN-Canada TAC (2010) ASEAN-US TAC (2009) ASEAN-Russia TAC (2004) ASEAN-Australia TAC (2005) ASEAN-China TAC (2003) ASEAN- Korea TAC (2004) ASEAN-India TAC (2003) ASEAN-EU TAC ASEAN-New Zealand TAC (2005) ADMM+ ARF ARF  10 ASEAN countries, Japan, China, ROK, DPRK, Canada, Chile, Timor Leste, Mexico, Peru, Russ ia, the U.S., Mongolia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia, ADMM+  10 ASEAN Countries + Japan + China + ROK + India + Australia + New Zealand + the U.S. + Russia 17

EAFTA : East Asia Free Trade Area  10 ASEAN Countries+ Japan + China + ROK ASEAN-Japan CEP CEPEA : Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia  10 ASEAN Countries + Japan + China + ROK + India + Australia+ New Zealand ASEAN-Canada ASEAN-US TIFA ASEAN-Russia ASEAN-Australia- New Zealand FTA ASEAN-China FTA ASEAN-Korea FTA ASEAN-India FTA ASEAN-EU Evolving Regional Architecture: Economic Pillar 18

People Centered Organization: Prioritize the interest of the people of ASEAN as the ultimate beneficiaries of ASEAN Endeavors ASEAN Identity: Cultural features that are distinctively Southeast Asian, with its cultural diversity as a unifying factor and a source of wealth of the region. We-Feeling: A condition where all components of ASEAN Member States sense the affinity and proud as part of ASEAN ASEAN-Japan ASEAN-Canada ASEAN-US ASEAN-Russia ASEAN-Australia ASEAN-China ASEAN-Korea ASEAN-India ASEAN-EU Evolving Regional Architecture: Socio-Cultural Pillar ASEAN- New Zealand 19

East Asia Summit as the primary forum in the Regional Architecture East Asia Summit has evolved into the primary forum in the Regional Architecture EAS is attended by Heads of State/ Heads of Government of 18 countries, discussing broad strategic political and economic issues of common concern and interest The Accession of the United States and Russia has increased the profile of EAS. It is viewed as an effective mechanism in promoting peace and stability in the region 20

Challenges to ASEAN How to maintain ASEAN’s centrality, leadership and driving force in EAS. Imperative for ASEAN to strengthen its internal mechanism to determine agenda setting, enhance existing mechanisms and demonstrate its leadership (ASEAN in the driving force)in all ASEAN- led mechanisms 21

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