Chapter 6 สถาปัตยกรรมไมโครโพรเซสเซอร์แบบต่างๆ Processor Architectures 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

เนื้อหา Von-Neumann Architecture Harward Architecture CISC(Complex Instruction Set computer) Architecture RISC(Reduced Instruction Set computer) Architecture VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word) Architecture 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

How to classify processors Categorized by memory organization Von-Neumann architecture Harvard architecture Categorized by instruction type CISC RISC VLIW 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

Harvard architecture Separate memory into 2 types Program memory Data memory Used in MCS-51, MIPS etc. 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

Harvard architecture 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

Harvard Architecture 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture From http://www.ee.nmt.edu/~rison/ee308_spr00/supp/000119/harvard.gif 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

Von-Neumann architecture Combine program and data in 1 chunk of memory Example : 80x86 architecture 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

Von-Neumann architecture 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

Von-Neumann architecture From http://www.ee.nmt.edu/~rison/ee308_spr00/supp/000119/princeton.gif 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

CISC Feature Complex instruction set computer Large number of instructions (~200-300 instructions) Specialized complex instructions Many different addressing modes Variable length instruction format Memory to memory instruction For Example : 68000, 80x86 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

RISC Feature Reduced instruction set computer Relatively few number of instructions (~50) Basic instructions Relatively few different addressing modes Fixed length instruction format Only load/store instructions can access memory 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

RISC Feature: continued Large number of registers Hardwired rather than micro-program control For Example : MIPS, Alpha, ARM etc. 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

RISC vs CISC CISC -- High Code Density Fewer instructions needed to specify the algorithm RISC -- Simpler to Design & Faster to Silicon Higher Performance -- smaller die size Lower power consumption Easier to develop compilers to take advantage of all features 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

Example of CPU Architectures Intel: 80x86 Motorola: 680x0 Sun : Sparc Silicon Graphics : MIPS HP : PA-RISC IBM: Power PC Compaq: Alpha CISC RISC 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

VLIW Very Long Instruction Word One instruction contains serveral independent operations that are executed in parallel LOAD R4,R2 ADD R1,R2 OR R5,R2 INVERT R7 1 Instruction LOAD R4,R2 ADD R1,R2 OR R5,R2 INVERT R7 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

VLIW Processor 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

VLIW 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

VLIW Instruction level parallelism rely on the compiler to determine which instruction may be executed in parallel The number of operations in VLIW instruction is equal to the number of execution units in the processor 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

VLIW : Pros and cons Advantage Disadvantage Simpler and Faster than RISC Disadvantage Incremental in execution unit=> the program must be recompiled 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

VLIW Widely used in DSP(Digital Signal processing) applications high performance and low cost Less successful in general-purpose computer customers demand software compatibility between generations of a processor 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture

จบ บทที่ 6 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture