The Route To Europe

Three waves of migration through Turkey 1) (mostly Iranians); 2) (Iraqi Kurds); 3) 1994 onwards (diversified)

Turkey: Number of Arrests 1998: : : :1,155

The Economics of People Smuggling Average person pays $2,500 to be smuggle to Europe from Iraq or Iran. $2,500 X 200,000 = half a billion dollars a year.

Migrant Sampling Would consider return to home country if political situation improved: Iraq– 76.9%; Iran–84.6%; Afghanistan–71.4%;

Migrant Sampling (Cont.) Would consider return to home country if Economic situation improved: Iraq–46.2% Iran–7.7% Afghanistan–14.3%