MapQuest 2: Mesopota mia to Iraq Why Water? 1

Have 1-2 sheets of paper ready to answer questions from this Map Quest. Put your name on the paper. Put the date on your paper. Title your paper: MapQuest 2: Mesopotamia to Iraq You are expected to use multiple slides to answer the questions in this Map Quest. You are required to provide evidence for your answers. You are required to provide evidence for your answers. I really want you to make sure to do this! You must reference the slide number you take your evidence from to get full points. Example: “Baghdad is the place of highest population density (Slide 7).” 2 Do you see the slide number? It is right here 

Lesson Vocabulary : Before you begin this MapQuest, create this table on your paper: New WordsI know what this means, or I can give an example …. Yes /no My Example or illustration Definition (in MY words)! Delta Marsh Irrigation (or irrigate) Gender Inequality Petroleum When you finish this Map Quest, make sure you know all of the definitions. Get one point extra credit for each additional new academic word you look up and define. Use the following link to look up the meaning of your vocabulary words: 3

4 Part 1 : Ancient Mesopotamia Subject: Human and Physical Geography Answer the questions using the slides that follow.

5 Use slides 6 and 7 to answer these questions: 1. What does Mesopotamia mean? 2. Identify the two major rivers that create Mesopotamia.

6 KAGAN, 0 "In the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Mesopotamia) and soon after in the valley of the Nile in Egypt, human beings moved from a life in agricultural villages, using tools of wood, bone, shell, and stone, into a much richer and more varied social organization that we call civilization"

7 Mesopotamia ancient name for the land that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (in modern Iraq), from Greek mesopotamia, literally "a country between two rivers," from mesos "middle" + potamos "river“.

8 Use slides 9 and 10 to answer these questions: 3. Describe the major landforms that border the region of Mesopotamia that are less hospitable to human settlement. 4. Predict why the geography of Mesopotamia makes it a likely area for the rise of civilization. 5. Predict why living next to a major river might be dangerous or risky.

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11 Part 2: Modern Iraq Subject: Human and Physical Geography Economics, Energy and Gender Answer the questions using the slides that follow.

12 Use slides to answer these questions: 6. Compare where the current population of Iraq has settled with your knowledge of ancient settlement patterns. 7. Examine the map of Economic Activity. Identify the agricultural goods. Use the dictionary for terms and words you are unsure of. 8. Describe the major industries in Iraq.

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15 Use slides 13 and 16 to help answer these questions: 9. Describe one way Iraq produces electricity. 10. Predict what might happen if countries north of Iraq dammed the rivers.

16 Iraq's largest hydropower dam grinds to halt By Anwar Faruqi (AFP) – Jan 27, 2011 BAGHDAD — Record low water levels at Iraq's largest hydroelectric dam have ground turbines there to a halt, amplifying a power shortage that led to riots last summer, a top official said on Thursday. … "The installed power generation capacity of Mosul's hydroelectric plant is 1,175 megawatts, but the current production is zero, because the turbines need a minimum water level of 307 metres (1,007 feet) to operate," he added. He said half of the water to the dam was coming from Turkey, and the rest from Iran and the mountains of Iraq. The Tigris and Euphrates which gave Iraq its ancient name of Mesopotamia, meaning "land of two rivers," reach Iraq through Turkey. The Tigris flows directly from Turkey, and the Euphrates goes from Turkey through Syria, then flows to Iraq. Water projects in the two countries have had a severe impact on Iraq. Mahdi said Iraq also was eyeing with extreme worry Turkey's controversial Aliso dam on the Tigris, work on which began in "If Aliso is completed, it will finish with the Tigris in Iraq completely," Mahdi said. … NG a2e911c2f1cb d5c.5a1&hl=en

17 Use slide 18 to answer these questions: 11. What does the acronym HDI stand for? 12. List the three dimensions of HDI.

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GDP per capita means the whole country GDP is divided by the population. So, if the GDP of this class was $500, and there were 30 students, the GDP per capita would be (500/30 = 16.6) Living Standards means the level of comfort of life. This includes access to food, clean water, and good ol’ stuff (like cars, houses, video games, fancy clothes, etc.) a. Decide whether per capita GDP is a realistic description of Living Standards. b. Think of at least one reason why you think it is NOT realistic.

20 Use slides 23 and 24 to answer these questions: 14. List the three dimensions of Gender Inequality Index. 15. Describe three of the five indicators of Gender Inequality Index.

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22 Did you know? Fetching water is part of the gender inequality In rural Benin, girls ages 6-14 spend an average of one hour a day collecting water compared with 25 minutes for their brothers. In 12% of households children carry the main responsibility for collecting water, with girls under 15 years of age being twice as likely to carry this responsibility as boys under the age of 15 years. Providing access to clean water close to the home can dramatically reduce women’s workloads, and free up time for other economic activities. For their daughters, this time can be used to attend school. Sanitation is one of the major challenges faced in overcoming gender inequalities Inadequate access to safe, hygienic and private sanitation facilities is a source of shame, physical discomfort and insecurity for millions of women across the world. Cultural norms frequently make it unacceptable for women to be seen defecating—forcing many women to leave home before dawn or after nightfall to maintain privacy. When women have to wait until dark to defecate and urinate in the open they tend to drink less during the day, resulting in all kinds of health problems such as urinary tract infections. One problem that has been observed is that the latrine designs, especially for primary and secondary schools, are mainly prepared by male masons. The tendency therefore has been to construct latrines which are not sensitive to the special needs of girls. This has resulted in girls staying away from schools when they are menstruating, even when their schools have latrines. In the case of small boys too, the urinals are often too high. Moreover, it is important that separate sanitary latrines are constructed for boys, in order to prevent boys from taking over the latrines that are meant for the girls. Sources: Human Development Report Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2010 update. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), Mainstreaming Gender in Water Management. Resource Guide. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Gender and Water Alliance (GWA), 2006.

23 Use slide 22 to help answer these questions: 16. Summarize four reasons why gender inequality is linked to access to water. 17. Create a plan to increase education access for girls in Iraq. 18. Evaluate whether the GII (Gender Inequality Index) should be a dimension of the HDI (Human Development Index). Provide at least two reasons for your answer.

24 Use slide 27 – 30 to answer this question: 19. Create a caption for each photo of Arab Marshes. Be sure to reference the slide number. a. Slide 28 b. Slide 29 c. Slide 30

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26 Mudhif – reed architecture of the marsh Arab – Tigris and Euphrates delta.

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29 Part 3: Synthesis (Putting everything you learned together)

Respond in one paragraph (5-6 sentences): How is access to water a critical component of a civilization? Topic Sentence Evidence 1 Evidence 2 Evidence 3 Analysis statement Conclusion statement