Electric Vehicles and Québec Drivers: New Way of Filling Up Association de l’industrie électrique du Québec – March 20, 2013 Pierre-Luc Desgagné Senior Director – Strategic Planning

Interesting News GM: Volt sales tripled in ,461 Chevrolet Volts sold in 2012, vs. 7,671 in 2011 EPA rates Honda Accord plug-in hybrid most fuel-efficient sedan in America in its class Gets 115MPGe, hybrid equivalent of 2.05 L/100 km International Business Times Green cars steal Los Angeles Auto Show 25 of 50 new models launched are all-electric or hybrid Green Car Journal Ford Fusion (hybrid and Energi) named 2013 Green Car of the Year at LA Auto Show

" The only way to break this cycle of spiking gas prices – the only way to break that cycle for good – is to shift our cars entirely, our cars and trucks, off oil". President Barack Obama President of United States Speech March 15, 2013 Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago Interesting News

Action in North America U.S. federal government – Federal target of a million EVs by 2015 (less than 1% of fleet) – Up to $7,500 in federal tax credits + rebates from states – EV Project: 5,700 Leafs and 2,600 Chevrolet Volts field-tested in five states – 5,600 public charging stations in operation in the U.S. DOE forecasts 7,400 stations in operation by end of 2013 California –Up to $5,000 in rebates on EV purchase –Access to reserved lanes –Zero-emission vehicles: 7 big automakers obliged to sell zero-emission vehicles Oregon –Up to $1,500 in tax credits on EV purchase –Partner in I-5 Green Highway project ($2 million on purchase and installation of fast chargers )

Action in North America

British Columbia –Up to $5,000 in rebates on EV purchase –Up to $500 in rebates on purchase of home plug-in station –$6.5 million to fund 240-V charging infrastructure –Upcoming installation of 13 fast chargers ($1.3 million) Ontario –Up to $8,500 in rebates on EV purchase –Rebates of up to $1,000 or 50% of total charging station purchase and installation cost for homeowners and businesses –$70.84 million invested in producing RAV4 EV (Toyota’s Project Green Light)

Things Happening in Québec, Too Trials Largest demonstration project in Canada/Boucherville Purchases Up to $8,000 in purchase rebates as of January 1, 2012 Credit for purchase and installation of 240 ‐ V home charging stations as of January 1, 2012 Infrastructure Public charging infrastructure already available in Québec: The Electric Circuit Sales 50% of Canadian PEV sales in Québec in 2012 Futuristic projects already under way V2G/V2H

Québec Inflation and Energy Price Trends, 1963–2012

CarConsumption per 100 km PriceCost Electric16 kWh× $0.078/kWh= $1.25 Gasoline8.2 L× $1.37/L= $11.23 Gas 9 times more expensive Electricity saves about $2,000 a year Need a top-up? $2.50 per charge with The Electric Circuit (once a week = $120 a year) Assumptions Average pump price, regular gas, Montréal, 2012 Average price of electricity, April 1, 2012, taxes included, for residential customer consuming 1,000 kWh/month Obviously Cheaper Gas peaked at $1.53/L ($5.80/gal.), Sept. 12, 2012, Montreal

Boucherville Pilot Project Base Distance (km) CO² avoided (tons) Actual Dec. 2010–Jan EVs – 18.6 months 616,846~ 88* *Extrapolation based on tons of CO² produced by comparison gas-powered vehicle, according to Natural Resources Canada’s 2012 Fuel Consumption Guide Observations Average daily travel 46 km (48 km during week and 36 km on weekends) Users rate satisfaction 8.9/10 Mean EV energy consumption 0.17 kWh/km (at $0.0133/km, April 2012 residential rates, taxes included) In winter, in 80% of cases, car can go 60 km/day with single charge at home (while maintaining 20% energy reserve of 3 kWh)

Charging Infrastructure: The Electric Circuit Canada’s first public charging network for PEVs Founding partners Other partners

Gradual rollout as PEVs arrive on Québec market Flat fee, parking, geolocation, emergency service (CAA-Québec) Already in 10 Québec regions, with large number in Montréal–Sherbrooke–Québec triangle 400-V fast-charge stations to follow; Québec testing in progress Visit Charging Infrastructure: The Electric Circuit

EVs on road 1,134 Cards in circulation 658 Stations installed 150 Regions served 10 Charges 1,170 Mean charging time (hours) 1.8 Facts and figures December 31, 2012 Charging Infrastructure: The Electric Circuit

Futuristic Projects Already Under Way V2H: Vehicle to home –Use of EV battery to supply part of household demand in case of power failure V2G: Vehicle to grid –Use of EV battery to feed into grid during peak demand periods Project TEST technical feasibility of V2G –In field conditions (Montreal area driver) –With IREQ and Québec partners Start date: Spring 2013

Your Children's EV What would you say to an autonomous electric car? –Has self-driving mode –Charges own battery between trips –Picks up another passenger and continues on its way –Organizes car pooling Potential benefits for all –Quality of life –Efficient time management –Fewer cars on roads

Open conclusion on the future GHG emissions lower for EVs than gas-fueled cars, no matter how electricity generated GHG emissions 215 times lower when EV supplied with hydropower Source: Union of Concerned Scientists, April 2012 Miles per gallon greenhouse gas equivalent (MPGghg) Basis of comparison Gas, subcompact model 27 Electric vehicle Coal30 Natural gas54 Solar power500 Nuclear power2,000 Wind power3,900 Hydropower5,800 The more efficient, the fewer GHG emissions