Some aspects of our projects with Quebec-populations 1. Public Health Research Unit of Laval University Medical Research Center-CHUQ,Canada 2. Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph,Canada Lucas Michel1, Blanchet C. 1, Holub B. J. 2, Dewailly É. 1 UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL International Scientific Conference on seal oil Ottawa, June 7, 2004

Santé Québec

All surveys followed a common standard protocol Face-to-face interviews & clinical sessions - Information on physical, social & psychosocial health Plasma PLs FA concentrations ( ) - Capillary GLC at Guelph University (B.J. Holub) N=2803 (1323 M & 1480 W), yrs of age - 52% Quebecers (n=1460, mean age= 40.1 yr) - 33% Cree (n=917, mean age=35.2 yr) - 15% Inuit (n=426, mean age=38.2 yr)

Characteristics of subjects who participated in the Santé Québec Health Surveys a,b

P for trend = Marine Food Intake (g/d) Dewailly et al. Lipids Apr;38(4): Marine Food Intake (from 24-h dietary recalls)

P for trend = Marine Food Intake (g/d) Dewailly et al. Lipids Apr;38(4): Marine Food Intake (from 24-h dietary recalls) 170 mg EPA+DHA 2115 mg EPA+DHA mg EPA+DHA

Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

P for trend = Dewailly et al. Lipids Apr;38(4): TABLE 3 Regression coefficients (  values) 1 of EPA+DHA in relation with HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols as dependant variables. 1 Obtained from multiple linear regression analysis; one model for each CVD risk factor; each model included age, sex, body mass index, waist girth, smoking, alcohol intake Threshold value for a beneficial effect 0.3% Quebecer 31% Cree 84% Inuit

Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr Oct;74(4): P for trend = HDL cholesterol according quintile of EPA+DHA Inuit of Nunavik

P for trend = 0.03 Triacylglycerols according to quintile of EPA+DHA Inuit of Nunavik Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr Oct;74(4):

P for trend = 0.03 FIG 1. Odds ratios (95% CIs) of prevalent high-risk concentration of plasma HDL-Chol by quintiles of plasma PLs ratio of EPA/AA. Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr Nov;74(5): OR for HDL-Chol  0.9 mmol/L Quebecers

18:2 n-618:3 n-3 Four Types of Dietary EFA that predict the % of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA) in tissues - a useful surrogate clinical marker Lands, Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61(suppl): 721S-25S. Total HUFA HUFA n-6 (20:3, 20:4, 22:4. 22:5n-6) HUFA n-3 (20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6n-3)

Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

Quebecer Cree Inuit y y y Variability of HUFA in tissues n-6 HUFAn-3 HUFA aaa

FIG. 2: Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates (for 100,000) associated with tissue HUFA proportions. Lands W.E.M. Lipids 2003 : Lands et al BBA. (1180): Lands et al FASEB J.( 6): Dewailly E. et al Am J Clin Nutr. 76(1): Dewailly E. et al Am J Clin Nutr. 76(1): Dewailly E et al Am J Clin Nutr 74(5):

Contribution of Traditional Foods to EPA+DHA intake among the Inuit of Nunavik

Fat (Misirak): 1.5 g/d Fat (Misirak): 1.6 g/d g/d g/d g/d g/d g/d g/d g/d

Sign. Diff. in CVD risk factor levels among the 3 pop HDL-chol, Total/HDL-chol, TG, SBP & DBP, Insuline - lowest among Inuit despite higher cig. Smoking & obesity Fish intake among Inuit - 2 times greater than Cree - 10 times greater than Quebecer CONCLUSION EPA+DHA plasma PLs - -2 times greater than Cree - -4 times greater than Quebeces EPA+DHA AHA 2002 ISSFAL –1.8 g/day 0.7 g/day

Sign. Diff. in CVD risk factor levels among the 3 pop HDL-chol, Total/HDL-chol, TG, SBP & DBP, Insuline - lowest among Inuit despite higher cig. Smoking & obesity Fish intake among Inuit - 2 times greater than Cree - 10 times greater than Quebecer Greater availability of market food in many Aboriginal regions appears to be more attracting for young people. CONCLUSION EPA+DHA plasma PLs - -2 times greater than Cree - -4 times greater than Quebeces

The Inuit Diet and Health Study An International Study of the Impact of Diet on Health and Disease among the Inuit and Yupik