Kick Off October 15, 2013 Please turn in your homework (ch. 15 vocabulary and the Chapter Review, if you didn’t turn it in yesterday) Analyze the map on page 468, and read the paragraph. Answer questions 1 and 2 in your notebook. (page 73).

Voyages of Discovery; Conquest and Colonies

Objectives: Understand the foundation upon which the Age of Exploration was built. Understand the discoveries made by explorers from Portugal and Spain Analyze what drove explorers from the rest of Europe

Foundations of Exploration Age of Exploration driven by search for wealth, fame & glory, spreading faith (Gold, Glory, God) Technology allowed for exploration Astrolabe Caraval

Astrolabe Used in navigation to locate latitude.

Caravel One of the first ships used for exploration.

You play the part! 1. Henry the Navigator (471) 2. Bartolomeu Dias (471) 3. Vasco de Gama (472) 4. Pedro Cabral (472) 5. Christopher Columbus (473) 6. Amerigo Vespucci (474) 7. Vasco Nunez de Balboa (474) 8. Ferdinand Magellan (474) 9. John Cabot (474) 10. Sir Francis Drake (474) 11. Henry Hudson (474) 12. Jacques Cartier (475) 13. Giovanni da Verazzano (475)

Answer the following questions about your character… - Where are you from? - What were you trying to do? - Were you successful? If not, why? - Is there anything unique about your journey?

Meet and greet the explorers! 1. Henry the Navigator (471) 2. Bartolomeu Dias (471) 3. Vasco de Gama (472) 4. Pedro Cabral (472) 5. Christopher Columbus (473) 6. Amerigo Vespucci (474) 7. Vasco Nunez de Balboa (474) 8. Ferdinand Magellan (474) 9. John Cabot (474) 10. Sir Francis Drake (474) 11. Henry Hudson (474) 12. Jacques Cartier (475) 13. Giovanni da Verazzano (475)

Explorers from… Portugal Spain Henry the Navigator Royal supporter of exploration Wanted to find water route around Africa to India Vasco da Gama Sailed to India Pedro Cabral Claimed Brazil Christopher Columbus Mistakenly sailed to Caribbean Thought he sailed to India Ferdinand Magellan First to circumnavigate the globe (sail all the way around the world)

More Explorers Sir Francis Drake (England) Sailed to west coast of US Became second man to circumnavigate globe Jacques Cartier (France) Claimed New France (Canada) Henry Hudson (England, Holland) Looked for Northeast passage, unsuccessful Discovered Hudson River

Spain Builds an Empire Encomienda System: colonist given certain amount of land and native slaves to work the land, required to teach slaves Christianity in exchange Natives overworked and mistreated Cortes conquers Aztecs, takes over empire in Mexico Aided by superior weapons and horses Pizarro conquers Incas in Peru Smallpox killed many natives Spanish used viceroys to rule areas in king’s name

Colonization Spain wanted to expand its empire. How do you think they did it?

America How the Spanish created an empire in the Americas: Introduced the encomienda system conquered Aztec and Inca empires viceroys governed land Viceroy: officials who ruled Spain’s American empire.

Encomienda System Encomienda System: a Spanish colonial system in which colonists were given land and Native Americans slaves in exchange for teaching the Natives Christianity. It was created in order to weaken the Aztec and Incan Empires.

The Portuguese in Brazil Treaty of Tordesillas: signed in 1494 between Spain and Portugal. Gave land west of imaginary longitude line to Spanish, east to Portuguese

French and Dutch French settled in Canada (New France) Animal resources (fish, furs) Did not enslave natives Dutch founded New Netherlands in northeast Founded New Amsterdam (later renamed New York) More focused on colonies elsewhere (more $$$)

English Colonies Founded Jamestown in 1607 Pilgrims came in 1620s, fleeing religious persecution War with French in 1754 Called French and Indian War French gave up Canada and territory east of the Mississippi to British War costly to British, caused them to increase taxes on colonists, led to resentment, eventually revolution