Zahid Asghar

Possibilities for Action

OUTLINE Cities role in economic growth and employment Benefits of Density Services sector and proximity Exploratory Data Analysis Efficient Delivery of utility services: Walkable and Dense City Challenges and responses required

10 LARGEST CITIES IN1000AD Corodova, Spain 450,000 Kaifeng, China 400,000 Constatinople, Turkey 300,000 Angkor, Cambodia, 200,000 Kyoto, Japan 175,000 Cairo, Egypt 135,000 Baghdad, Iraq 125,000 Nishapur, Iran 125,000 Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia 110,000 Patan, India 100,000 Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census [Tertius Chandler]

10 LARGEST CITIES IN 2015 (IN MILLIONS) Tokyo 26.4 Mumbai 26.1 Lagos 23.2 Dhaka 21.1 Sao Paolo 20.4 Karachi 19.2 Mexico City 19.2 New York 17.4 Jakarta 17.3 Calcutta 17.3

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT 80% GDP of Pakistan is from Urban Area 60% Employment 50% population in urban area Rural to Urban Population positive till 2050 Cities :Social inclusion and sustainable development Cities development is not Cities vs the rest Cities development : A win-win proposition

CITIES ATTRACT POOR NOT CAUSE POOR Two choices Poor remain in rural area and die as poor Poor are attracted by the cities and get a chance to come out of poverty

SUPRAWL HOUSING: HIGH COST

Economic Growth: 7% economic growth for another years to generate enough employment. Cities produces scale benefits & boosts productivity which in turn increases eco gr-a vicious cycle Employment Why Cities important for both? Employment: Agriculture mechanized Manufacturing: Productivity increased Manufactured items: A Global good Service Good: A local good

Services sector: proximity Economies of scale, benefits of specialization, innovation Manufacturing: Global Good Services Local Good

How to make cities areas as communities rather places Currently our focus is on places Horizontal low density Car planed cities are killers Pros and Cons of Urban Sprawl Density; Benefits and problems with density

COST SPACES DISCOURAGE ENTREPRENEURSHIP

 Economies of scales  Benefits of specialization  Increase supply for space and reduce cost of doing business  Leads to development of domestic commerce by having brand and entrepreneurship  Energy conservation  Reducing pressure on Import Bill by less fuel consumption DENSITY/WALKABILITY

CONTENT/UPLOADS/2013/11/TRANSIT-VERSUS-CARS.GIF

INTERNET USERS PER BOOSTER

Density increases supply of houses Domestic commerce a sector underserved as engine of growth requires business friendly cities Density and Domestic Commerce

Where are sports of Pakistani cities? Arts, Theater Shows Libraries Cafés Street as Public Places Mix-use, dense/walkable cities future of Pakistan Smart cities make growth viable and dynamic

MIX-USE DENSE/WALKABLE CITIES “Because the home and the workplace are entirely separated from each other, often by a long auto trip, suburban living has grown to mean a complete, well-serviced, self-contained residential or bedroom community and a complete, well-serviced place of work such as an office park. In a sense we are building two communities where we used to have one, known as a town or city. Two communities cost more than one; there is not only the duplication of infrastructure but also of services, institutions and retail, not to mention parking and garaging large numbers of cars in both places.” (Kelbaugh 1992, p. 17)

THE CHALLENGE Supportive infrastructure for providing an economic and social environment conducive to growth Cities require soft-infrastructure like education, knowledge workers, higher quality education (For more details on software infrastructure of development FEG 2011 is good document to read) Provision of services like safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health facilities, uninterrupted power supply across all segments of urban population. A mindset of rural-urban divide has to be replaced by rural-urban development synergies Affordable housing

ELEMENTS OF GREAT PLACES Sense of stability, tradition and distinctiveness. Possibility, ‘can do’, stimulation and buzz. Communication and networking, where it is easy connect, interact and move around, the outside world is accessible, and you feel you are part of a bigger, extensive web. To self-improve, learn and reflect. Places of inspiration. Culture is alive and, Finally, a great city is well put together through design.”