ACS 206 ME UNIT 21 MATERIAL FORMATS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

What are raw materials? Generally, raw materials are materials which need to be processed before they are used - for example, melted and cast (thrown) in a mould. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Common formats of raw materials: Powder CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Pellets CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Fibres: CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Ingot Bloom (A very large ingot) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Billets (metal blocks smaller than blooms) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

TARGET VOCABULARY ITEMS Raw material (adj. phr.): Raw materials are often natural resources such as oil, iron and wood that need to be processed before being used as end-products. e.g.: A raw material or feedstock is the basic material from which a good product is manufactured or made. For example, material that came from nature in an unprocessed or minimally processed state are raw materials; e.g., raw latex, iron ore, logs, crude oil or seawater. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Powder (n.): definition: a solid substance that consists of extremely small pieces, is soft and easy to divide, and often has the same shape as the container that it is in e.g.: A powder is a dry solid material composed of a large number of very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Particle (n.) Definition: an extremely small piece of matter e.g.: Electrons are atomic particles. A particle is a minute portion, piece, fragment, or amount; a tiny or very small bit of a material. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Fine particles (adj. phr.) Definition: very thin, very small pieces e.g.: When the Twin Towers were struck by a plane in 2011, fine dust that formed as a result of the destruction of the towers was spread as far as 10 kilometres. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Pellet (n.) Definition: a small hard ball or tube-shaped piece of any substance e.g.:iron/lead/wax/plastic/paper pellets food pellets -Pellet are small particles typically created by compressing an original material. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Fibre (n.) Definition: Very thin and fine shape of metals at hair-like lengths e.g: Metal fibres, as thin as a hair strand, are used in many industrial areas. For example, in construction area, they are used to enhance crack resistance and general strength of buildings. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Ingot (n.) Definition: a piece of metal, usually in the shape of a narrow brick e.g.: a gold/silver ingot -An ingot is a material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing. -Ingots require a second procedure of shaping, such as cold/hot working, cutting or milling to produce a useful final product. Additionally ingots (of less common materials) can be used as currency, or as a currency reserve as with gold bars. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Billet (n.) / Bloom (n.) A billet is a length of metal that has a round or square cross-section, with an area less than 36 sq in (230 cm2). Blooms are similar to billets except the cross-sectional area is greater than 36 sq in (230 cm2). Metal billets are smaller blocks of steel that are round, rectangular, or hexagonal ingots or cast, semi-finished stock with a cross-section that is suitable for secondary processing. Billets are sometimes called bar stock. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Process (v.) Definition: To make gradual changes to something until it reaches the final desirable form e.g.: Bauxite is processed to produce aluminium. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Bar (n.) Definition: a straight stick made of metal e.g.: The reason why many houses were destroyed in Marmara earthquake was that those houses were not strengthened adequately with iron bars in concrete. e.g.: The gorilla rattled the bars of its cage. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Square bar (adj. phr.) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Round bar (rod) (adj. phr.) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Flat bar (adj. phr.) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Metal sheet (adj. phr.) Definition: Simply, metal formed into thin and flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Structural steel sections (adj. phr.) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

I-section (n.) Definition: a type of structural steel that looks like the letter I; or H CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

tube (n.) Definition: A hollow cylinder, especially one that conveys a fluid or functions as a passage

Hollow (adj.) Definition: having a hole or empty space inside CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Round Tubes (adj. phr.) Definition: round-shaped tubes CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Rectangular Tubes (adj. phr.) Definition: rectangle-shaped tubes CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Pipe (n.) Definition: one type of tube carrying especially liquid or gas e.g.: Natural gas from Iran and Russia are carried to Turkey through a long pipe-line underground. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Cable (n.) Definition: a set of wires, covered by plastic, that carries electricity, telephone signals, etc.a length of cable e.g.: The road has been dug up in order to lay cables. overhead power cables CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Wire (n.) Definition: (a piece of) thin metal thread with a layer of plastic around it, used for carrying electric current e.g.: Someone had cut the telephone wires. Don't touch those wires whatever you do. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Single wire (adj. phr.) (or solid wire) Definition: A single-wire transmission line (or single wire method) is a method of supplying electrical power through a single electrical conductor. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Stranded wire (adj. phr.) Definition: A conductor composed of a group of wires or a combination of groups of wires, usually twisted together CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Electrical wire (adj. phr.) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Read page 48. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Exercise 21.1 (p.49) Decide whether the sentences are true or false, and correct the false sentences. Look at A (p. 48) to help you. Raw materials are often intended to be melted or mixed. Powder particles are smaller than pellets. Pellets do not require further processing. A steel bloom is a type of ingot. Steel billets can be cut into smaller sized pieces called blooms. T T F 3. Pellets are intended for melting and forming in moulds. T F 5. Steel blooms can be cut into smaller sized pieces called billets CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Exercise 21.2 (p.49) Complete the descriptions below the photos using the words in the box. You will need to use some words more than once. Look at B (p. 48) to help you. A steel bloom A coil of steel sheet A round PVC tube An aluminium plate A round bar / A rod A flat bar A sheet of glass A steel cable 9. A steel wire 10. An electrical cable 11. A stranded wire 12. A solid wire CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT