Societal Implications of Networking: A Personal Perspective David J. Farber Distinguished Professor of Computer Science and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science

Dedicated to Jon Postel

Paul Baran

First some history  The UC Irvine days  A group of kids at UCLA  An IMP at UC Irvine  Kids at UC Irvine  The lay of the network land  The UC Irvine days  A group of kids at UCLA  An IMP at UC Irvine  Kids at UC Irvine  The lay of the network land

The early network  Rational  Computer sharing  File Sharing  A smallish group of friends  Primitive facilities  The path to  Rational  Computer sharing  File Sharing  A smallish group of friends  Primitive facilities  The path to

What was the net used for  Silver futures  Research in making the net work  The crashes  Hack and hack  Silver futures  Research in making the net work  The crashes  Hack and hack

The migration to TCP/IP  Slash Cut

Toward a Computer Science Network  Why?  Getting it funded  Must pay for it after 3 years  The path to a network  PhoneNet  Internationalization  Commercialization  Why?  Getting it funded  Must pay for it after 3 years  The path to a network  PhoneNet  Internationalization  Commercialization

An Explosion of networks  Not all TCP based  NSFNet  NREN  The regional networks  The commercialization of network services  The evolution to where we are today  Not all TCP based  NSFNet  NREN  The regional networks  The commercialization of network services  The evolution to where we are today

From the “good old boys” to the mob  The evolution of the purposes of the net  Who cares about sharing computers after the pc (except for super-computers)  People wanted to communicate by   Pictures  Documents  Voice  Video  Everyway  The evolution of the purposes of the net  Who cares about sharing computers after the pc (except for super-computers)  People wanted to communicate by   Pictures  Documents  Voice  Video  Everyway

The merging of computing and communications will drive the future.  we went from computers without networks -> computers with networks -> networks with computers ->  the cloud inverts  the total network is the real action  the computers are no longer the motivating item as in the early days  no longer can we develop computers without paying attention to the networks  no longer can we develop networks without wondering if our computer architectures are OK  we went from computers without networks -> computers with networks -> networks with computers ->  the cloud inverts  the total network is the real action  the computers are no longer the motivating item as in the early days  no longer can we develop computers without paying attention to the networks  no longer can we develop networks without wondering if our computer architectures are OK

The network is changing our economy  Buggy whip industries are in trouble  Even the old “monopolies”  Some realities re com based businesses  Telephone vs cable  Wireless  Unlicensed (WiFi)  Buggy whip industries are in trouble  Even the old “monopolies”  Some realities re com based businesses  Telephone vs cable  Wireless  Unlicensed (WiFi)

Politics 101  USA  Will the internet escape regulation  The reality of inside the beltway  Security and privacy may be the wedge  The legacy businesses -- will they “ give up ”  USA  Will the internet escape regulation  The reality of inside the beltway  Security and privacy may be the wedge  The legacy businesses -- will they “ give up ”

The “new” era  The new Chairman of the Commission  Mike Powell  What are the critical issues they face  Spectrum, spectrum, spectrum  Unbundling  Economic relationships  The internet!!  The new Chairman of the Commission  Mike Powell  What are the critical issues they face  Spectrum, spectrum, spectrum  Unbundling  Economic relationships  The internet!!

Security and Availability Will Be the Drivers  The current internet is vulnerable  Points of potential vulnerability  Service protocols  Commercial arrangements  Old software  Hard to design security in after the fact  The current internet is vulnerable  Points of potential vulnerability  Service protocols  Commercial arrangements  Old software  Hard to design security in after the fact

Broadband Access  Will it be open?  What does that really mean  Why worry  Will it be open?  What does that really mean  Why worry

Technology is easy -- society is rough  Show stoppers or at least slowers

Nation States  taxes  culture  rights  taxes  culture  rights

Individuals  privacy  1984 fears  big government  big brother  big business  privacy  1984 fears  big government  big brother  big business

Intellectual property problems  copyright bill (S)  off to jail with the president of Upenn  show down and maybe stop the value of the net  the de-evolution of the net to TV  copyright bill (S)  off to jail with the president of Upenn  show down and maybe stop the value of the net  the de-evolution of the net to TV

What should we do -- society  defend our liberty  understand the world is not all the same  educate  defend our liberty  understand the world is not all the same  educate

We Are at the Beginning of a Great Change  The next 10 years will be as wild as the last 25  Technology will change dramatically  All optical nets  Wireless of many varieties  Communicating computers everywhere  The next 10 years will be as wild as the last 25  Technology will change dramatically  All optical nets  Wireless of many varieties  Communicating computers everywhere

The Real Next Generation -- Optical Networks  Implications  Protocols IP?  Processor architecture  Software systems  Will it be a fully distributed system -- back to the past  Implications  Protocols IP?  Processor architecture  Software systems  Will it be a fully distributed system -- back to the past

NLR Footprint Topology PIT POR FRE RAL WAL NAS PHO OLG ATL CHI CLE KAN OGD SAC BOS NYC WDC STR DAL DEN LAX SVL SEA SDG

What differentiates optical networks from where we are now  bandwidth-latency is a major difference  speed affects the ability to compute in a timely fashion  implies difficulties in  routing  maintenance  actual hardware of switches  may and most likely will imply changes in  protocols  interface to computers  structure of software systems  bandwidth-latency is a major difference  speed affects the ability to compute in a timely fashion  implies difficulties in  routing  maintenance  actual hardware of switches  may and most likely will imply changes in  protocols  interface to computers  structure of software systems