EGR 4347 Analysis and Design of Propulsion Systems

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Presentation transcript:

EGR 4347 Analysis and Design of Propulsion Systems Rocket Types EGR 4347 Analysis and Design of Propulsion Systems

Rocket Propulsion Ideal Rocket Thrust Specific Impulse

Rocket Propulsion

Rocket Propulsion Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

Rocket Propulsion Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

Rocket Propulsion

Chemical Rockets Liquid – typical O2 and H2 Solid Scientific American – March 2000

Liquid Rockets Scientific American – March 2000

Solid Rockets Scientific American – March 2000

Solid Rockets

Rocket Performance – Mars Mission Thrust – force 1 N  ¼ lbf Exhaust Speed – Measure of fuel efficiency Sample Burn Time – How long the rocket must fire to accelerate a 25-ton payload from low earth orbit to escape velocity. The time is inversely related to the thrust. Sample fuel ratio – fraction of the total spacecraft mass taken up by propellant. The amount of fuel is exponentially related to the exhaust speed. Scientific American – March 2000

Rocket Performance Chemical 110K 4.5 21 min 55 Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed (km/s) Burn Time Fuel ratio (%) Chemical 110K 4.5 21 min 55

Nuclear Rockets Tested in 1960s Hydrogen heated to 2,500 deg C Scientific American – March 2000 Tested in 1960s Hydrogen heated to 2,500 deg C Reactors can generate electricity Public opposition

Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9.0 Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed (km/s) Burn Time Fuel ratio (%) Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9.0 27 min 32

ION 1950s Electrical fields accelerate particles Fuel – cesium or xenon Cathode dumps electrons into flow at exit Grids get in the way Scientific American – March 2000

ION Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed (km/s) Burn Time Fuel ratio (%) Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32 Ion 30 79 days 22

Hall Effect 1970s Russia Radial Magnetic Field Xenon No grids Scientific American – March 2000

Hall Effect Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed (km/s) Burn Time Fuel ratio (%) Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32 Ion 30 79 days 22 Hall Effect 15 90 days 38

Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) Magnetic acceleration Magnetic field electrically generated Scientific American – March 2000

Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed (km/s) Burn Time Fuel ratio (%) Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32 Ion 30 79 days 22 Hall Effect 15 90 days 38 MPD 100 20 - 100 21-25 days 6.7 - 31

Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT) Argon Fuel Radial Magnetic Field 200 times a second No electrodes Scientific American – March 2000

Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed (km/s) Burn Time Fuel ratio (%) Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32 Ion 30 79 days 22 Hall Effect 15 90 days 38 MPD 100 20 - 100 21-25 days 6.7 - 31 PIT 20 50 110 days 14

VASIMR Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket Radio waves heat fuel Ionized propellant (Hydrogen) Magnetic fields Scientific American – March 2000

VASIMR

Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 Type Thrust (N) Exhaust Speed (km/s) Burn Time Fuel ratio (%) Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9 27 min 32 Ion 30 79 days 22 Hall Effect 15 90 days 38 MPD 100 20 - 100 21-25 days 6.7 - 31 PIT 20 50 110 days 14 VASIMR H 40 300 53 days 2.4 VASIMR L 1,200 10 2.1 days 46

Solar Sails 9 N per square km Large fragile structure NASA working on Magnetic “sail” to catch sun particles Scientific American – March 2000