Time Resolved FT-IR Analysis of Tailpipe Exhaust for Several Automobiles Allen R. White, James Allen Department of Mechanical Engineering Rose-Hulman Institute.

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Presentation transcript:

Time Resolved FT-IR Analysis of Tailpipe Exhaust for Several Automobiles Allen R. White, James Allen Department of Mechanical Engineering Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dr. Rebecca B. DeVasher Department of Chemistry Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Advanced Combustion Laboratory

Pre-1975: Advanced Combustion Laboratory Engine Tailpipe NO CO HC

Role of Catalytic Converter: Advanced Combustion Laboratory Engine Tailpipe Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen: 2NO x → xO 2 + N 2 Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2 Oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide and water: C x H 2x+2 + [(3x+1)/2]O 2 → xCO 2 + (x+1)H 2 O NO CO HC

Role of Catalytic Converter: Advanced Combustion Laboratory Engine Tailpipe Catalytic converter Pre-1975 Post-1975

Role of Catalytic Converter: Advanced Combustion Laboratory Reductions depend on both catalyst material and temperature

Infrared Spectroscopy Interest for Automotive Purposes Advanced Combustion Laboratory 1942 Packard 2002 Toyota Prius Ganske, Jane A. The Chemical Educator, Vol. 8 No.6 (2003) Spectra taken from exhaust output of engine at full operating temperature and at idle speed

Experimental Setup: Advanced Combustion Laboratory Vacuum pump Bruker Vertex 70 Air Test cell w/ NaCl windows

1994 Honda Civic: Advanced Combustion Laboratory 1.6 liter CO 2111 cm -1 HC 2960 cm -1 4 cm -1 resolution Time Wavenumber Amplitude

Changes to reduce emissions: Advanced Combustion Laboratory

2010 Honda Fit: Advanced Combustion Laboratory 1.3 liter CO HC

2010 Toyota Prius: Advanced Combustion Laboratory 1.8 liter CO HC

Results without a catalytic converter: 1967 Oldsmobile 442 Advanced Combustion Laboratory 6.6 liter

Summary of hydrocarbon reductions: Advanced Combustion Laboratory

Summary of CO reductions: Advanced Combustion Laboratory

Including Olds 442: Advanced Combustion Laboratory hydrocarbons CO

Acknowledgements James Allen Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Lilly Foundation Faculty Success Grant Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dean’s Equipment Investment Fund Advanced Combustion Laboratory

Results without a catalytic converter: 1992 Jetta Diesel Advanced Combustion Laboratory

1994 Honda Civic: Advanced Combustion Laboratory