Station 3 ?? Air Meters Combustion Analyzer Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Particles Air Flow Vane Anemometer Exhaust Flow Box Pressures CAZ Test

No carbon monoxide should be detected in residential properties.

Check outside air CO (set to “zero” outside) any CO found inside is being produced inside, or being re-entrained from flue, etc.

CO Poisoning from Combustion Appliance Back-drafting

Big Hole in Building!

Exhaust appliance in confined space

dryer pulling flame out of the heater

Supply Air Leak to the outside = Building Depressurized Supply Air Leak to the Outside

Supply Duct Leaks to the outside cause building to be Depressurized Supply Duct Leaks to the outside

# sq inches for cfm into rooms Icf performance Pv costs kWh now ICBO 50 cfm crawls Forced Air Systems (with insufficient “return”) Door closure causes Room A to be pressurized Zone B with return grill and combustion appliances is now under negative pressure and spillage or backdrafting can occur Can cause back-drafting of combustion devices

As CO 2 builds up, so does “everything else”… As CO 2 builds up, so does “everything else”… IAQ Pro-Tip “Everything else” is “Everything else” is too difficult to measure and interpret

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Generally not a health hazard in buildings by itself. Outside CO 2 levels usually in the 380 ppm range... and rising ! Industrial Standard = 5,000 ppm 96

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Used to estimate air exchange rates Concentrations above 800 to 1,000 ppm indicate: ■ Crowded spaces ■ Low ventilation rates Based on: – 380 ppm CO 2 outside air – sedentary adult population – steady state indoor air concentration 97

Cubic Feet Per Minute (CFM) ~ 15 cubic feet fresh air per minute for each person for classrooms (cfm/p)

CO 2 Estimate of Ventilation Over- Ventilated Ideal Under- Ventilated ,000 1,500 2,000+ Carbon Dioxide parts-per million (ppm) (energy issue) (multiple issues !! )

Outside Air cfm/p cfm/p cfm/p cfm/p cfm/p Unacceptable Poor ASHRAE Standard 62 Outdoor Carbon Dioxide (ppm) 2,400 1,400 1, (and above) Carbon Dioxide vs. Ventilation Rate 99

CO2 Concentration (ppm) OUTSIDE AIR (CFM / PERSON) | | | 100

CO2 Concentration (ppm) OUTSIDE AIR (CFM / PERSON) | | | 100

Using the Vane Anemometer

Check exhaust fan flow

Exhaust Fan Flow Meter 3- Position Opening: “E1” “E2” “E3”

Manometer & Flow Meter This set up measures pressure – must use the table

Pressure & CFM Table

Manometer & Flow Meter Flow reading direct from meter – “EX device”

M. Lipsett, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment 10.0 micrometers 2.5 micrometers ~ 70 micrometers Average Human Hair 70 micrometers

MERVPARTICLE TYPICAL CONTROLLED SIZE (  m*) CONTAMINANT 1 – 4 >10.0Pollen, sanding dust, textile and carpet fibers 5 – – 10.0Mold, spores, hair spray, cement dust 9 – – 3.0Legionella, lead dust, welding fumes 13 – – 1.0Bacteria, most tobacco smoke, insecticide dust, copier toner  0.3Virus, combustion smoke, radon progeny *micron meter 107

HEPA Output Laser Particle Counter 6 sizes of airborne particles

30 Buildings Minimum 8 classrooms Highest and lowest values deleted 112,000 27,170 17,937 11, Highest Measurement in 30 schools Average of each highest in 30 schools Average of 30 averages Average of each lowest in 30 schools Lowest measurement in 30 schools 0.3 Micrometer

30 Buildings Minimum 8 classrooms Highest and lowest values deleted 40,200 8,156 4,447 2, Highest Measurement in 30 schools Average of each highest in 30 schools Average of 30 averages Average of each lowest in 30 schools Lowest measurement in 30 schools 0.5 Micrometer

30 Buildings Minimum 8 classrooms Highest and lowest values deleted 17,000 3,739 1, Highest Measurement in 30 schools Average of each highest in 30 schools Average of 30 averages Average of each lowest in 30 schools Lowest measurement in 30 schools 1.0 Micrometer

30 Buildings Minimum 8 classrooms Highest and lowest values deleted 15,500 2,447 1, Highest Measurement in 30 schools Average of each highest in 30 schools Average of 30 averages Average of each lowest in 30 schools Lowest measurement in 30 schools 2.0 Micrometer

30 Buildings Minimum 8 classrooms Highest and lowest values deleted 2, Highest Measurement in 30 schools Average of each highest in 30 schools Average of 30 averages Average of each lowest in 30 schools Lowest measurement in 30 schools 5.0 Micrometer

30 Buildings Minimum 8 classrooms Highest and lowest values deleted 3, Highest Measurement in 30 schools Average of each highest in 30 schools Average of 30 averages Average of each lowest in 30 schools Lowest measurement in 30 schools 10.0 Micrometer