RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Radiation Belt Storm Probes Electric Field and Waves Instrument Digital Fields Board Critical Design Review Wesley D. Cole (Hardware Design Engineer) Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado at Boulder

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW – DFB Scientist Bob Ergun EFW-DFB Organization Program Management Mary Bolton Systems Engineering Susan Batiste DFB – EE Wes Cole FPGA – EE Ken Stevens Parts Engineer Cat Brant QA Trent Taylor System Validation David Malaspina FPGA – EE David Summers FPGA – Verification Magnus Karlsson

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW Block Diagram You are here

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Electric Fields Requirements SOURCEREQUIREMENT EFW-45 Each EFW instrument shall perform interferometric timing measurements at high cadence using independent measurements from each of the paired probes, as follows: -- for waves of 0.1 mV/m to 300 mV/m, velocity range of 0 to 500 km/s in spin plane, and wave spatial scales of 0.1 to 30 km when inter-probe wave coherence is greater than cadence: 16,384 samples per second -- sensitivity: 0.05 mV/m EFW-46 Each EFW instrument shall measure an electric field component perpendicular to the observatory spin axis (survey), as follows: -- frequency range: DC to 15 Hz -- magnitude range: 0 to 500 mV/m, at geocentric distances greater than 2.5 Re -- cadence: 32 vectors per second -- sensitivity: 0.3 mV/m or 10% for R > 3.5 Re, 3.0 mV/m for 2.5 Re < R < 3.5 Re EFW-48 Each EFW instrument shall measure low frequency AC electric field cross-spectra, as follows: -- frequency range: 10 Hz to 300 Hz -- magnitude range: 80 dB -- cadence: 6 seconds -- sensitivity: 1 x V 2 /m 2 Hz at 30 Hz, 1 x V 2 /m 2 Hz at 300 Hz EFW-49 Each EFW instrument shall measure an electric field component perpendicular to the observatory spin axis (burst), as follows: -- frequency range: DC to 250 Hz -- magnitude range: 0.3 to 500 mV/m -- cadence: 512 samples per second -- sensitivity: 1 x V 2 /m 2 Hz at 30 Hz, 1 x V 2 /m 2 Hz at 300 Hz EFW-51 Each EFW instrument shall measure axial electric field components (survey), as follows: -- frequency range: DC to 15 Hz -- magnitude range: 2 mV/m to 500 mV/m -- cadence: 32 vectors per second -- sensitivity: 4 mV/m or 20% for R > 3.5 Re, 6 mV/m or 20% for 3.5 Re > R > 2.5 Re, 12 mV/m or 20% for R < 2.5 Re EFW-52 Each EFW instrument shall measure axial electric field components (burst), as follows: -- frequency range: DC to 256 Hz -- magnitude range: 0.4 to 500 mV/m -- cadence: 512 samples per second -- sensitivity: 1 mV/m or 50 Hz

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EMFISIS SCM and MAG Requirements SOURCEREQUIREMENT EFW-35 Each EFW instrument shall be capable of receiving 3D buffered analog search coil signals from the EMFISIS Waves instrument aboard its respective observatory, as follows: -- frequency range: 10 Hz to 300 Hz -- noise floor: < 1 x nT 2 /Hz at 100 Hz -- dynamic range: 90 dB EFW-207 Each EFW instrument shall be capable of receiving DC-coupled, 3-axis data from the EMFISIS MAG instrument aboard its respective observatory, as follows: -- through an analog interface -- frequency range: from DC to 30 Hz -- noise floor: < 2 nT RMS -- dynamic range: 80 dB EFW-43 Each EFW instrument shall measure 3-D low frequency AC magnetic field cross-spectra, as follows: -- using the EMFISIS search coil signal -- frequency range: 10 Hz to 300 Hz -- magnitude range: 90 dB -- cadence: every 1 spin -- sensitivity: 1 x nT Hz EFW-44 Each EFW instrument shall measure burst AC magnetic field, as follows: -- using EMFISIS search coil magnetometer data -- frequency range: 10 Hz to 250 Hz -- magnitude range: 90 dB -- cadence: 512 samples per second, with 1 waveform per 30 ms -- sensitivity: 0.3 pT/Hz 100 Hz

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole General Instrument Requirements SOURCEREQUIREMENT EFW-1Each EFW instrument shall be designed for a total lifetime duration of 2 years plus 75 days. EFW-7 EFW-8 Each EFW instrument shall be capable of operating in an orbit with perigee altitude 500 km to 675 km (TBR) and apogee altitude 30,050 km to 31,250 km (TBR). Combined with the spacecraft charging model to determine the range of spacecraft potential: ± 225 V ED&T All parts used in RBSP observatory shall survive a total ionizing dose of 34 krad (Si) without parametric or functional failure ED&T Parts susceptible to single event latch-up with linear energy transfer threshold less than 80 MeVsq cm/mg shall not be used in RBSP systems ED&T SEUs in parts of non-critical systems shall not compromise flight system health or mission performance. Parts that may be susceptible to SEU shall be identified and submitted with the preliminary parts list to the APL RBSP Radiation Engineer for review ED&T Hardware must operate through peak proton and electron flux ED&T 3.2 Deep Dielectric Discharge: Parts, assemblies and components shall either have to survive discharge, be grounded with low enough impedance to prevent charging, or shield with enough material to reduce the total accumulated charge below discharge level. EFW-104The EFW IDPU shall not exceed kg. DFB allocation: kg, per RBSP-EFW-SYS_003D_Mass EFW-63 Each EFW instrument shall not exceed the total power of W from the EFW Main 28 V Service. DFB allocation: 1.8 W, per RBSP-EFW-SYS_004B_Power

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Performance Requirements Product Type Packet Name Source Signals (Internal to DFB) Measurement Range Measurement Resolution Driving Requirement Survey Waveforms E_SVYE12DC, E34DC, E56DC± 1 V/m30 uV/mEFW-45 V_SVYV1DC, V2DC, V3DC, V4DC, V5DC, V6DC ± 225 V6 mVEFW-46 EFW-51 MAG_SVYMAGU, MAGV, MAGW± 5 V Burst Waveforms E_B1E12DC, E34DC, E56DC± 1 V/m30 uV/mEFW-49 EFW-52 V_B1V1DC, V2DC, V3DC, V4DC, V5DC, V6DC ± 225 V6 mVEFW-45 SCM_B1SCMU, SCMV, SCMW± 5 VEFW-44 E_B2E12DC, E34DC, E56DC, E12AC, E34AC, E56AC, Epar, Eprp, EparAC, EprpAC AC: ± 400 mV/m DC: ± 1 V/m AC: 12 uV/m DC: 30 uV/m EFW-49 EFW-52 V_B2V1AC, V2AC, V3AC, V4AC, V5AC, V6AC ± 12.5 V0.4 mVEFW-45 SCM_B2SCMU, SCMV, SCMW, SCMpar, SCMprp ± 5 VEFW-44 Wave Counter SWDE12AC, E34AC4 Ranges, Configurable EFW-49 EFW-52

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Performance Requirements Product Type Packet Name Source Signals (Internal to DFB) Frequency BandsDriving Requirement(s) FFTsSPECSelect 8 of: E12DC, E34DC, E56DC, Epar, Eprp, E12AC, E34AC, E56AC, EparAC, EprpAC, SCMU, SCMV, SCMW, SCMpar, SCMprp, V1AC, V2AC, V3AC, V4AC, V5AC, V6AC, (V1dc+V2dc+V3dc+V4dc)/4 A (5%) 112 bins B (10%) 64 bins C (20%) 36 bins EFW-49 XSPECSelect pairs from SPEC1 - SPEC8. A (5%) Same as Selection for SPEC B (10%) Same as Selection for SPEC C (20%) Same as Selection for SPEC EFW-43 EFW-48 Filter Bank FBSelect 2 of: E12DC, E34DC, E56DC, E12AC, E34AC, E56AC, SCMU, SCMV, SCMW, (V1dc+V2dc+V3dc+V4dc)/4 A 0.8 to 1.5, 1.5 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 25, 25 to 50, 50 to 100, 100 to 200, 200 to 400, 400 to 800, 800 to 1.6k, 1.6k to 3.2k, 3.2 to 6.5k B (Default) 0.8 to 1.5, 3 to 6, 12 to 25, 50 to 100, 200 to 400, 800 to 1.6k, 3.2 to 6.5k EFW-48

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Interface Documentation DFB-IDPU Mechanical ICD (RBSP-IDP-MEC-200 DFB ICD Rev K) DFB Specification (RBSP_EFW_DFB_001D_SPEC Rev D) –AXB and SPB signals (Interface with BEB) –Interface with DCB –Interface with LVPS –Interface through backplane DFB FPGA Specification EFW to EMFISIS Electrical Interface Control Document (RBSP_EFW_to_EMFISIS_ICD_revD.doc) –SCM and MAG signals from EMFISIS

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Resources Mass and Power Requirements –Mass CBE based on measured mass of EM board –Power CBE based on measurements and analysis of current design Housekeeping Telemetry Requirements –DFB produces no analog housekeeping –FPGA diagnostic housekeeping sent to ground on request –Commanded through DCB ResourceCurrent Best Est.Allocation% Growth Margin Mass kg0.504 kg15% Power, Average 1.5 W1.8 W22% Power, Peak 2.5 W

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Changes Since PDR Board Changes –Added second SRAM for 1PPS buffering –Removed ADC power switching –Modified analog buffer circuits for better crosstalk performance –Increased value of DC blocking capacitor for AC channels to increase bandwidth Specification Changes –V#AC (Burst 2) measurement range expanded from ±10 V to ±12.5 V –E##AC (Burst 2) measurement range corrected to ±400 mV/m FPGA Changes –Reworked packets to add EMFISIS Magnetometer back-up capability –Solitary Wave Counter defined –Added (V1dc + V2dc + V3dc + V4dc) / 4 data product to FFT (SPEC) and Filter Bank –Changed number of frequency bands in FFT (SPEC and XSPEC)

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Block Diagram

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Component Derating ComponentRated ValueDerated ValueMaximum Value Decoupling and Filter Capacitors 25 V20 V10 V Bulk Decoupling (Tantalum) Capacitors 10 V8 V3.3 V 15 V12 V5 V 25 V20 V10 V Decade Divider Resistor Network 300 V240 V225 V 100 mW50 mW46 mW DC Blocking Capacitors 500 V400 V225 V

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Component Derating ComponentRated ValueDerated ValueMaximum Value Precision Foil Resistor Network 200 V160 V10 V 200 mW100 mW3 mW Bipolar Transistors I C = 600 mA?2 mA V CEO = 50 V?2.5 V V CBO = 60 V?1.9 V P T = 500 mW?5 mW h FE = 35 (Min.)?10

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Thermal Requirements Requirements at the EFW PCB to IDPU box interface APL provides thermal control of IDPU 10°C min +60°C Hot Survival Limit +55°C Hot Operational Test Limit -25°C Cold Operational Test Limit -30°C Cold Survival Limit +45°C -15°C Allowable range of IDPU thermal model predictions

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Thermal Analysis Power Dissipation FPGA: 394 mW LTC1604: 167 mW, Duty Cycle: 0.75 (Active / Nap Mode) FPGA: θ JA = 12.3 °C/W LTC1604: θ JA = 95 °C/W T J = T A + (θ JA x P) FPGA: T J = T A + 5 °C (For T A = 65 °C, T J = 70 °C) LTC1604: T J = T A + 16 °C (For T A = 65 °C, T J = 81 °C)

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Materials & EEE Parts Status Materials Identification List –Up-to-date –Regular meetings with MPCB Need to add PWB data when ordered (will be per required IPC specs) Fasteners need to be approved EEE Parts List –Up-to-date –Regular meetings with PCB No issues –Ordering status (95% ordered or received) 8 on-order (due 11/10/09 at latest) 2 to be ordered (SRAM and bidirectional transceiver, due mid-December) 4 to be supplied by UCB (backplane connector, voltage regulators, EMFISIS connector) 1 to be supplied by APL (FPGA) 17

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Parts Concerns The MSK voltage regulators may draw up to 500 mA of start up saturation current in addition to the load current. This means that when powering up the DFB’s 3.3 V rail, the LVPS may have to supply approximately 600 mA to the DFB for a few milliseconds while simultaneously meeting the 3.3 V power requirements of the DCB. Does the LVPS have sufficient current resources to meet this requirement? The MSK5800 start up saturation current draw is several hundred milliamps less. The DFB could use the MSK5800, but its dropout voltage may not meet our requirements.

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Testing Frequency response of analog filters Amplifier gain and offset Common-mode rejection Adjacent channel crosstalk Noise floor Square wave response Clamping diode response ADC accuracy Power consumption Verify commanding functionality Test of each flight configuration FPGA DSP testing (spectra, cross-spectra, solitary wave, field rotation) Backplane interface test Over-clocking End-to-end test Temperature testing EMI testing Pre-delivery testing

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB GSE Block Diagram

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB GSE

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Test Results

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Active Filter Sallen-Key, 5-Pole, Low-Pass, Bessel, f c = 6.5 kHz Passband gain = 1, Linear phase and constant group delay (to preserve waveform shape in passband) Used 24 times in design

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Filter Test Results (Gain and Phase)

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Square Wave Test Results 1% overshoot Input: 1 kHz 1 V square wave

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Crosstalk Test Results Input: 1 kHz, 4.9 V PP or 9.5 V PP sine wave on input channel, all others terminated by 50 Ω resistor.

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Common-Mode Rejection Test Results Input: 4.9 V PP sine wave, variable frequency *Without precision Flight capacitors and resistors

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Current Status DFB Flight schematics and layout complete DFB Flight printed circuit boards being fabricated DFB ETU #3 will be assembled in October - testing will start in late-October DFB Flight boards to start assembly in December

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EFW-DFB Backup Slides

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Filter Test Results (Gain)

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Filter Test Results (Phase)

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Radial and Axial Boom Signals Input signal range: ± 225 V Accuracy: 0.3 mV/m (for 100 m booms => 80 dB CMRR) Vishay T decade divider (1/100), Ratio tolerance: 0.01%, Input impedance: 1 M , 300 V, 100 mW/resistor Same part used by THEMIS

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole EMFISIS Signals and Differential Amp Gain accuracy: 80 dB, Resistor tolerance: 0.01% Vishay PHR or Z foil resistors Deep dielectric discharge protection

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Multiplexer Signal Lists Channel 1 SignalsChannel 2 Signals V1DCV1AC V2DCV2AC V3DCV3AC V4DCV4AC V5DCV5AC V6DCV6AC E12DCFM1 E34DCFM2 E56DCFM3 E12ACSC1 E34ACSC2 E56ACSC3 Channel 1 signals meet the minimum science requirements

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Analog to Digital Converter Linear Technology LTC1604AIG 16-bit parallel output, Sample rate: 333 ksps (256 ksps required) Successive approximation register with internal sample and hold Internal clock Internal reference (15 ppm/degree C) S/N ratio: 87 dB minimum, THD: -100 dB typical Integral linearity error: ± 2 LSB maximum Operating temperature range: - 40 degrees C to + 85 degrees C Manufactured on Mil-Spec line to Class S plastic specification Radiation tested, no latchup protection required Redundant cross-strapped design, either ADC can measure any signal Flown on THEMIS

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole Low Dropout Voltage Regulators MS Kennedy MSK 5922 K RH (1.5 V and 3.3 V) Total ionizing dose: 300 krad Backplane supply voltages: 1.8 V and 3.6 V Dropout voltage (from datasheet): 0.40 V I OUT = 2.5 A –Current manufacturer testing indicates a dropout voltage of only 0.15 I OUT = 0.5 A –MS Kennedy added specification: 0.3 V I OUT = 0.5 A

RBSP/EFW CDR /30-10/1Wesley Cole FPGA and SRAM Actel RTAX2000SL Used for DSP functions, ADC and Mux control, SRAM interface and backplane interface 2,000,000 equivalent system gates Total ionizing dose: 300 krad 1.5 V core voltage, 3.3 V I/O voltage Honeywell HLX6228 Used for DSP scratchpad Organized as 128K word x 8-bit Static RAM 32 ns read/write cycle times Typical operating power: < 9 mW/MHz Total ionizing dose: 1,000 krad No latchup