1 Information Organising: An Evolutionary and Developmental Framework Professor Amanda Spink Loughborough University

2 My Talk Spink, A. (2010). Information Behavior: An Evolutionary Instinct. Springer Evolutionary and lifetime development framework for information organising behaviour Research questions

3 Key Propositions Early humans developed information organising behaviour capabilities – classifying and categorising Humans have always engaged in information organising behaviour Information organising behaviour – an important instinct and socio-cognitive ability

4 Information Organising Behaviour Information organising behaviour a sub-process within information behaviour Information Behaviour is the totality of human behavior in relation to sources and channels of information Information behaviour model consists of: - Seeking, sense-making, foraging, organising & using - Multitasking, cognitive shifting/coordination - Social, personality, cognitive and cultural aspects - Longitudinal, iterative and complex - May involve interaction with information technologies

5 What We Need to Understand About Information Organising Behavior? Evolutionary, biological and developmental origin Role of genetics versus environment How information organising behaviour capabilities evolved over human species development? How information organising behaviour emerges and evolves over a human lifetime?

6 Information Organising Behaviour Origin Evolutionary psychology and cognitive archaeology suggests that early humans evolved information organsing behaviour capabilities (Mithen; Tooby & Cosmides) Information organsing behaviour evolved as an important human socio-cognitive ability and competency. Spink, A., & Cole, C. (2007). Information behavior: A sociocognitive ability. Evolutionary Psychology, 5(2),

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8 Information Organising Behaviour Origin Key proposition: Information organising behaviour evolved with early humans How and why did information organising behaviour evolve in early humans?

9 Neuro-Evolution in Early Hominids Transformation in early human cognitive architecture Homo-sapien hunter-gatherers shifted to farming Homo sapiens enhancement of specific human cognitive capabilities, including - integrated action across space and time, response inhibition and preparation.

10 Information Organising Behaviour Origin Enhanced cognitive information processing ability to hold a variety of information in active attention Gave Homo sapiens struggle for adaptation and survival – foraging to agriculture

11 Information Organising Behaviour Origin Homo sapiens experienced enhanced working memory (EWM) capacity (Wynn & Coolidge) Enhanced cognitive capabilities, including planning, abstract thinking, information behaviour, information organising behaviour

12 Evolutionary Framework for Information Behaviour Evolutionary psychology and cognitive archaeology suggest that information organising behaviour emerged in early humans Information organising behaviour is a cognitive mechanism and socio-cognitive ability as an attribute or trait that is unique and unusual to humans, e.g., language

13 Information Organising Behaviour Origins Evidence of paleoart (cave art) representations of information organising behaviour

14 30,000 BC: Paleoart – Cave Art Images of large animals – often in context Supports various aspects of information behaviour Example of organising and using information

15 Information Organising Behaviour Over the Ages Artifacts developed over the centuries to support information organising behaviour Examples of personal information organising behaviour over the ages

16 Artifacts Exhibiting Information Organising Behaviours 30,000 BCPaleoart - Cave Art 6600 BCIdeographs BCCalendars, Paper (Papyrus), Cuneiform BCInk, Hieroglyphs, Alphabet, Phaistos Disc, Logographs, Maps BCScrolls, Manuscripts, Glossaries, Dictionaries, Paper (Parchment) BCLibrary, Bibliographies, Concept of Categories, Library Classification System ADCodex, Woodblock Printing, Tree Diagram, Quill Penn, Library Catalogue, Movable Type, Almanacs, Paper (Rag) ADRegisters, Printing Press, Bookbinding, Public Lending Library, Library Catalogue (Printed), Dictionaries, Newspapers, information Graphics ADTaxonomy (Binominal), Magazines 1900 AD – Today Marc (Metadata), Hyperlink, Internet, Web

BC: Library, Bibliographies & Library Classification System

18 People’s Information Organising Behaviour Over the Ages Research investigated the information organising behaviours reported in their personal writings by: Napoleon Bonaparte Charles Darwin Giacomo Casanova Spink, A., & Currier, J. (2006). Toward an evolutionary perspective on human Information behavior: An exploratory study. Journal of Documentation, 62(2),

19 Napoleon Bonaparte Information seeking, organizing and using behaviour Maps – organising geographic information Methodical information collecting and organising behaviour

20 Charles Darwin Information seeking, organizing and using behaviour Created indexes to his papers

21 Giacomo Casanova Spy and business man – information gathering, organizing and using behaviour Librarian and information organizer

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23 Lifetime Development Model of Information Organising Behaviour Developmental psychology - human lifetimes consist of transitions in an individual’s development How does information behaviour develop as a socio-cognitive ability in early childhood, and progress in childhood, adolescence to adulthood? Origin and transitions in information organising behaviour development over lifetime?

24 Information Organising Behaviour – Further Research An evolutionary adaptive basis linked to survival and human socio-cognitive ability Lifetime development with social, personality, cognitive and cultural aspects Longitudinal, iterative and complex behaviour patterns How does information organising relate to information foraging, seeking, sense-making and use.

25 Information Organising Behaviour – Further Research Further develop a more holistic information behaviour framework – evolutionary and developmental Integrate information behaviour research with social and behavioural sciences, e.g., evolutionary and social psychology, cognitive archaeology

26 Conclusions Provide better theories, models and vocabularies for people to understand their own information organising behaviours Help develop and promote positive change across the human lifespan and develop positive interventions Help people learn and think more about their information behaviors

27 Questions? Thank You