CH 23 Section 3 Social Sciences in the Industrial Age

Rise of the Social Science In the 1800s interest in Social Sciences, those branches of knowledge that scientifically study people as members of society, grew In the 1800s interest in Social Sciences, those branches of knowledge that scientifically study people as members of society, grew Social Sciences cover economics, history, political institutions and human relations Social Sciences cover economics, history, political institutions and human relations The idea of treating these subjects like sciences was new in the 1800’s The idea of treating these subjects like sciences was new in the 1800’s The study of politics dates back to Greek philosophers, but became more scientific in the 1800’s The study of politics dates back to Greek philosophers, but became more scientific in the 1800’s Economists began to follow the practices of scientists by collecting and arranging statistics in order to test their theories Economists began to follow the practices of scientists by collecting and arranging statistics in order to test their theories Historians began to base their writings on original materials and careful organization of facts Historians began to base their writings on original materials and careful organization of facts

Continued Historians that were influenced by nationalism began to write the accomplishments of their own native countries Historians that were influenced by nationalism began to write the accomplishments of their own native countries They began a massive search fir evidence of the past in diaries, letters and other written sources They began a massive search fir evidence of the past in diaries, letters and other written sources Influenced by Voltaire historians stopped focusing as much on wars and great leaders and more on how people lived Influenced by Voltaire historians stopped focusing as much on wars and great leaders and more on how people lived

Archaeology Archaeology is the study of human culture through the artifacts people leave behind Archaeology is the study of human culture through the artifacts people leave behind It became a separate field of study in the mid 1800’s It became a separate field of study in the mid 1800’s This is when scientists began to learn how old the Earth was and how long people had been living on it This is when scientists began to learn how old the Earth was and how long people had been living on it Through Archaeology They found cave paintings in Spain and France… Through Archaeology They found cave paintings in Spain and France… They began to uncover the remains of the Egyptian, Sumerians and Assyrian cultures… They began to uncover the remains of the Egyptian, Sumerians and Assyrian cultures… They were also able to determine sequence of events in ancient cities like Troy which was once thought only to exist in books They were also able to determine sequence of events in ancient cities like Troy which was once thought only to exist in books

Anthropology Anthropology is the study of different societies both past and present Anthropology is the study of different societies both past and present In the 1800’sthey began to study the similarities in the attitudes of human societies and the ways people relate to one another In the 1800’sthey began to study the similarities in the attitudes of human societies and the ways people relate to one another Authors were trying to link different societies studying their differences and similarities Authors were trying to link different societies studying their differences and similarities Sociology is the study of Human relationships in a society Sociology is the study of Human relationships in a society It was believed that society, like nature, operated by certain laws It was believed that society, like nature, operated by certain laws This meant that they could follow scientific methods by using objective facts, not personal interpretations This meant that they could follow scientific methods by using objective facts, not personal interpretations Herbert Spencer used the idea of natural selection to explain Human Societies and coined the term Survival of the Fittest and his theory became known as Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer used the idea of natural selection to explain Human Societies and coined the term Survival of the Fittest and his theory became known as Social Darwinism This is the idea that the strong thrive and the weak just get by This is the idea that the strong thrive and the weak just get by

Psychology Psychology is the study the mind and Human behavior Psychology is the study the mind and Human behavior Influenced by Darwin, some Psychologists studied animal behavior and applied the results to humans Influenced by Darwin, some Psychologists studied animal behavior and applied the results to humans Ivan Pavlov discovered the condition reflex Ivan Pavlov discovered the condition reflex This means that some behavior is automatic, by experimenting with dogs, food, and bells Pavlov made the dogs salivate every time they heard a bell ring (what do you do in school when a bell rings? Do you think about it first?) This means that some behavior is automatic, by experimenting with dogs, food, and bells Pavlov made the dogs salivate every time they heard a bell ring (what do you do in school when a bell rings? Do you think about it first?) Sigmund Freud introduced the idea of the unconscious as a determining factor in human behavior Sigmund Freud introduced the idea of the unconscious as a determining factor in human behavior He found that the subconscious determines behavior based on past experience you might be afraid of spiders due to an early experience you don’t remember He found that the subconscious determines behavior based on past experience you might be afraid of spiders due to an early experience you don’t remember Freud founded modern psychiatry, the study and treatment of mental illness Freud founded modern psychiatry, the study and treatment of mental illness

Pavlov Pavlov Freud

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