Warm Up: Draw this line and Fill in the following years: 2010 CE, 1992 CE, 800 BCE, 1929 CE, 100 CE, 30 BCE, 9000 BCE, 333 BCE Year 0 B.C.E.C.E

Prehistoric Georgia Indians The beginnings of our history Paleo Archaic Woodland Mississippian

Vocabulary Pre-historic – before written history. Archaeology – the scientific study of material remains of past human life & activities. Anthropology - the study of human beings & their ancestors through time in relation to culture, environmental & social relations.

Archaeology 101 When archaeologists study past cultures, they estimate when these people might have lived in Georgia. For example, the term, “Paleo” means “very old” and refers to any person who was alive in Georgia during that time period. So, Paleo is more of a time period than a name of a tribe.

Archaeology 101 Archaeologists want to know how cultures solved our basic needs: F ___ ___ ___ W ___ ___ ___ ___ S ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ By examining the artifacts left behind, the archaeologist can make educated guesses about how people lived.

Archaeology 101 Food is goal #1. Archaeologists & anthropologists categorize people by how they get their food. Three main categories: 1.Food Gatherers: hunt, fish, collect nuts & berries, whatever they can find. 2.Hunting Farmers: growing food to eat it and supplementing what they hunt. 3.Master Farmers: growing diverse crops that can feed large groups of people consistently.

Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian P.A.W.M.

Food Collection: –Food Gatherers Shelter: –Temporary housing Culture : –About 20 people in the tribe/clan Paleo Indians “ Very Old” 10,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE

Tools & Weapons: –Atlatl: 2 ft. long wood shaft with a spear on the end Food: –Mammoth –Bison –Nuts and wild berries

Culture: –1 st Indians in North America –Beringia: A narrow strip of land that use to connect Alaska & Russia Paleo Indians “ Very Old” 10,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE

Archaic Indians “Old” 8,000 BCE – 1,000 BCE Migratory Patterns: –Settle in one place Housing: –More permanent (teepees) Social Structure: –Larger groups/ communities

Tools and Weapons: –Grooved Axe Food: –Berries, nuts, and fruit & Archaic Indians “Old” 8,000 BCE – 1,000 BCE

Whitetail Deer Opossum Turkey Rabbit Bear Fox Shellfish

Cultural Aspects: –1 st signs of clay pottery –Decorative stone and bone pieces Archaic Indians “Old” 8,000 BCE – 1,000 BCE

Woodland Indians 1000 BCE – 1000 CE Migratory Patterns: –Settled in villages Housing: –More sturdy structures Social Structure: –Tribes are formed

Tools and Weapons: –Bow and Arrow is invented Food: –Small game: Small animals such as rabbit & squirrel –Nuts –Fish Woodland Indians 1000 BCE – 1000 CE

Cultural Aspects: –Burial mounds in the shape of animals –Markings on pottery Woodland Indians 1000 BCE – 1000 CE

Mississippian Indians Migratory Patterns: –Large tribes near rivers Housing: –Groups of houses of wood and clay surrounded by Palisade (tall wooden wall) & moat (wide ditch w/ water) Social Structure: –Chiefdom: villages ruled by a priest-chief

Tools and Weapons: –Stone weapons & farming tools Mississippian Indians

Maize (corn) Tobacco Squash Food: Agriculturally advanced

Cultural Aspects: –Flat-topped burial mounds –Ear ornaments –Tattoos –Feather and copper headdresses Mississippian Indians

Mississippian Indians