QOD How are the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system linked? What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Chapter 14 Lymphatic System and Immunity

Intro  Functions:  Structures –Lymphatic vessels –Organs –Nodes –Lacteals –Lymph

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14.2 Lymphatic Pathways  Lymphatic capillaries  Lymphatic vessels  Lymph nodes  Lymphatic trunks  Collecting ducts –Thoracic duct –Right lymphatic duct  Subclavian vein

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14.3 Lymph  Formation –Filtration  interstitial fluid  Function –Nutrients –Immunity

Schematic representation of lymphatic vessels Slide number: 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Schematic representation of lymphatic vessels Slide number: 2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lymphatic capillaries Pulmonary capillary network Systemic capillary network Lymphatic capillaries Lymph node Lymphatic vessels

Schematic representation of lymphatic vessels Slide number: 3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lymph node Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic capillaries Pulmonary capillary network Systemic capillary network Lymphatic capillaries

14.4: Lymph movement  Hydrostatic pressure  Muscular activity –Skeletal muscle –Smooth muscle  Breathing –Inhalation and pressure change  Edema

QOD What do tonsillitis, swollen glands and elephantitis all have in common?

14.5 Lymph Nodes  Structure –Contains: –Hilum –Lymph nodules –Lymph sinuses –Tonsils and Peyer’s patches  Functions –Filtering –Surveilance

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14.6: Thymus and Spleen  Thymus –Structure and location –Lymphocytes: T cells –Thymosins  Spleen –Structure: Lobules  In venous sinuses, blood  White pulp and red pulp –Function

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QOD List the 6 types of innate defenses and provide specific examples of each.

14.7 Body Defenses  Pathogen and Infection  Innate defense –Nonspecific  Adaptive defense –Lymphocytes –Antigens

Innate Defenses  Species Resistance  Mechanical Barriers  Chemical Barriers –Interferons  Fever  Inflammation  Phagocytosis

QOD Compare and contrast innate defenses to adaptive defenses.

Adaptive Defenses  Antigens  Lymphocyte origins –T Cells –B Cells

QOD List and describe the functions of the different types of B cells and T cells.

Lymphocyte Functions  T Cells –Cellular immune response  Cytokines, interleukins and CSF  B Cells –Plasma cells – humoral immune response  Antibodies/immunoglobulins –Memory cells

T Cells and Cellular Immune Response  Activation of T cells –Antigen presenting cells  Macrophages –Macrophage breaks down bacterium –MHC binds to fragments and penetrates membrane –Helper t cell contacts and is activated –Helper t cell stimulates B cells to produce antibodies

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Cytotoxic T Cells  Recognizes MHC on virus-infected cell or cancerous cell  Activates upon contact with MHC- antigen complex  Proliferate  Produce proteins that cuts membrane of infected cells

B Cell and Humoral Response  Activation – 2 ways  Proliferation  Clones  Differentiation  plasma cells and memory cells  Plasma cells –Antibodies  Memory cells

Antibody Actions: The Complement System

QOD What is an autoimmune disease? Identify one and describe it.

Responses and Classification  Responses –Primary Response –Secondary Response  Classification –Passive immunity –Active immunity  Naturally acquired  Artificially acquired

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Allergies and Autoimmune Disease  Allergies –Allergen –Delayed-reaction – T cells and macrophages  Repeated exposure –immediate-reaction – B Cells, IgE, Mast cells and histamine  Autoimmune response

Diseases/Disorders of the Lymphatic system and Immunity  Tissue/Organ rejection –Graft-versus-host disease  Lymphomas  Tonsillitis and appendicitis  HIV/AIDS  Lupus  Rheumatoid arthritis  Diabetes mellitus type 1