Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function.

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Presentation transcript:

Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function

Gene rearranged receptors: TCR/BCR Foreign Ags………. 對外

Adaptive immunity 1. Antigen specificity 2. Diversity 3. Immunological memory 4. Self tolerance Four characteristics

Clonal selection Immune diversity Antigen specificity Diversity Memory Central tolerance Peripheral tolerance

Sites of effector function Primary (Central): Bone marrow 骨髓 Thymus 胸腺 Secondary (Pheripheral): Lymph nodes 淋巴結 Spleen 脾臟 Peyer’s patches

Lymph node distribution in the body

Ag Innate Adaptive ExtracellularPhagocytes B cells Intracellular NK CD8 Tc cells (Altered self) Immunity & Ag location Cytotoxicity CD4 Th Humoral response Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) 1 2

Phagocytes Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC) B/T cells Lymphocyte activation Clonal selection Humoral Imm/CMI Memory Inflammatory site Inflammation Inflammatory site Lymph node Induction of adaptive immunity Dendritic cells (DC)

Lymph node DC T HEV T cell activation

Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of CD4 Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function

Naïve, activated, effector Humoral immunityCell-mediated immunity (CMI) Activation Effector

Three signals in naïve T cell activation Priming The activation and differentiation of naïve T cells Costimulation

Professional APC

Ag & MHC presentation pathways DC/Macrophages/B cells Foreign or Self Ag Signal 1

Signal 2 Signal 2 alone

CD4 T cell activation IL2 production Clonal expansion Signal 1+2 IL2R

Professional APC

Lack of signal 2 upon T cell activation Peripheral tolerance

Negative regulation of signal 2 upon T cell activation Peripheral tolerance Inhibition of activated T cells

CD4 T cell differentiation CMI: CD8 T Humoral response Th17 Promote local inflammation

Signal 3: cytokine

Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function Effector response

Innate immunity Activation Effector phase

IL6 Chemokines Amplifier of acute Inflammation (local site, BM) Recruitment of neutrophils Activation of macrophages Expression of antimicrobial peptides IL17 Ubiquitous expression of IL17R: fibroblasts, epithelial cells, keratinocytes, etc. Rapid T cell response to infection: Th17 G-CSF GM-CSF

CD4 T cell differentiation CD8 T CMI Humoral immunity

CMI: Macrophages activated by Th1 APC activation

Cytotoxic granules CMI: CD8T cytotoxic response

Membrane effector molecule

Effector T cells

Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function Effector response

Effector Th2 cells Humoral immunity: B cell response B cells as APC

Affinity maturation 2. Somatic hypermutation 1. Isotype switching 3. Memory CD4T-dependent:

Effector response CD4 Th17, Th1/ Th2 CD8 Tc B cells

Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function

Adaptive immunity

Protective immunity & time Apoptosis of effectors Memory cells:long-lived