SPECIFIC BODY DEFENSES: The Lymphatic and Immune System

A. Functions A. Functions 1. Absorption and return of excess fluid the blood stream 2. Absorption of fat (in the villi of the small intestine) 3. Immune System Function I. Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of Lymph 1. Lymph – interstitial fluid Lymph vessels 2. Lymph vessels a. Closely associated with circulatory system b. Similar to veins c. Contraction of skeletal mscl causes movement of lymph fluid through valves I. Lymphatic System Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of Lymph Organs 3. Lymph Organs a. Lymph nodes »Areas of Concentrated lymphocytes and macrophages along the lymphatic vessels »Filter lymph I. Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of Lymph Organs 3. Lymph Organs b. Bone Marrow b. Bone Marrow produces lymphocytes Spleen c. Spleen Serves as Blood reservoir Purifies blood and lymph I. Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of Lymph Organs 3. Lymph Organs c. Thymus causes pre-T cells to mature to T-cells d. Tonsils e. Pyer’s Patches I. Basics

A. Basics A. Basics The body's 3rd line of defense 1. The body's 3rd line of defense 2. Amplifies inflammatory response Important Aspects B. Important Aspects 1. Antigen specific 2. Systemic 3. Has memory II. Immune Response

C. Kinds of Immune Response C. Kinds of Immune Response Specific Immunity 1. Specific Immunity a. Antibodies bind only to antigen B-lymphocytes b. B-lymphocytes – antibody prod. T-lymphocytes c. T-lymphocytes – produce lymphokines 2. Nonspecific Defense a. Physical barriers b. Tears c. Phagocytes d. Fever / Inflammation II. Immune Response

Humoral Immunity 1. Humoral Immunity a. Provided by antibodies in the bodies humors (fluids) Antibodies b. Antibodies. 1) Are produced by lymphocytes 2) Circulate freely in the blood and lymph 3) Bind primarily to bacteria, toxins, free viruses inactivates & marks for destruction D. Kinds of Immune Response D. Kinds of Immune Response

Cell Mediated Immunity 2. Cell Mediated Immunity a. Provided by nonantibody- producing lymphocytes b. Directly attack and lyse body cells. 1) containing viruses or parasite 2) Cancer cells 3) Foreign grafts c. Release chemical mediators 1) enhances inflammatory resp. 2) Help activate lymphocytes or macrophages D. Kinds of Immune Response D. Kinds of Immune Response

B. Natural Killer Cells B. Natural Killer Cells Similar to the killer T cell 1. Similar to the killer T cell 2. Function as effector cells that directly kill certain tumors and viral-infected cells 3. kill their targets without a prior "conference" in the lymphoid organs. 4. More efficient if 1 st activated by T-cells III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

C. B Cells C. B Cells production of antibodies 1. production of antibodies 2. Antibody production and binding to a foreign substance or antigen, often is critical as a means of signaling other cells to engulf, kill or remove that substance from the body III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

D. Granulocytes or Polymorphonuclear (PMN) Leukocytes D. Granulocytes or Polymorphonuclear (PMN) Leukocytes neutrophils 1. neutrophils 2. Important in the removal of bacteria and parasites III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

E. Macrophages and Dendritic Cells E. Macrophages and Dendritic Cells regulate immune responses 1. regulate immune responses 2. antigen-presenting cells (APC) 3. Functions Phagocytes Secretion of cytokines Antigen presentation III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

F. Dendritic Cells F. Dendritic Cells 1. antigen-presenting cells 2. More efficient APC than macrophages 3. capture antigen or bring it to the lymphoid organs where an 4. bind high amount of HIV, and may be a reservoir of virus III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

A. Active, Passive and Acquired Immunity A. Active, Passive and Acquired Immunity Active Immunity 1. Active Immunity achieved by responses of ones immune system Passive Immunity 2. Passive Immunity achieved with exogenous immune cells or products III. OTHER

A. Active, Passive and Acquired Immunity A. Active, Passive and Acquired Immunity Acquired Immunity 3. Acquired Immunity Artificial Immunity comes from infection or from a new born ’ s mothe 4. Artificial Immunity comes from immunizations III. OTHER

C. Autoimmune diseases C. Autoimmune diseases 1. diseases caused by failure of the immune system to recognize “self Examples rheumatoid arthritis a. rheumatoid arthritis (joints) lupus erythematosus b. lupus erythematosus (connective tissue) Graves ’ disease c. Graves ’ disease (thyroid) III. OTHER

D. AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome D. AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome 1. Causes death 2. Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 3. kills T-4 lymphocytes 4. T-4 lymphocytes induce B-lymphocytes to fight infection 5. Debilitated immune system III. OTHER

D. AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome D. AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome 6. no cure for HIV 7. HIV infection causes AIDS, and AIDS allows other infections to kill the person with the HIV infection III. OTHER

Cell Mediated Immunity 2. Cell Mediated Immunity a. Provided by nonantibody- producing lymphocytes b. Directly attack and lyse body cells. 1) containing viruses or parasite 2) Cancer cells 3) Foreign grafts c. Release chemical mediators 1) enhances inflammatory resp. 2) Help activate lymphocytes or macrophages D. Kinds of Immune Response D. Kinds of Immune Response