Green Building Design Scott Lowe Professor Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Manhattan College

Buildings are Complex Systems !

1.Site High density urban

Extreme slope

A Green Site? Brownfield

Not Green Pristine land

2.Foundations Building load must be spread out or transferred to rock Footings Piles Caissons

3.Frame steel

Reinforced concrete

wood

3.Electrical

4.Mechanical HVAC

5.Plumbing Water supply – Cold water – Hot water Wastewater collection Heating pipes Gas Fire system

6.Interior floors

Internal walls Finish – walls/floor

7.Exterior

How Green is my Building? US Green Building Council established the LEED rating system in 1998 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Points system

LEED System (New Building) Site (26 pts) Water (10 pts) Energy (35 pts) Materials (14 pts) Indoor Quality (15 pts) Rating out of certified 50-59silver 60-79gold 80+platinum

LEED Site example Bike racks Changing rooms

LEED Water example landscaping

LEED Energy example Generate energy

LEED Materials example recycled

LEED Indoor Quality example Natural light

Energy Buildings consume massive amounts of energy 40% of all US energy 70% of all US electricity Where is it used?

Sizzling Hot Energy Topics Do it more efficiently Generate your own Keep your heat but Don’t lose your cool

Efficiency Efficient HVAC systems – Use high efficiency systems – 90%+ possible – High capital cost – Will pay this back – Not sexy

Create Energy Solar - active

Solar - passive Trombe wall

Solar – hot water

Geothermal ~6 ft below ground the temperature is ~50 O F all year Run water pipes through ground In summer hot water enters ground – cool exits Use this to cool air for the HVAC system In winter reverse process

Geothermal Piping Installation ~6 ft underground

CEEN201: Green Building Design Excavation for geothermal pipe field

CEEN201: Green Building Design Geothermal heat exchanger

CEEN201: Green Building Design Geothermal heat exchanger

CEEN201: Green Building Design Geothermal lake construction Sherman Hospital Illinois

Keep Your Heat and don’t lose your cool Insulate, insulate, insulate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Biggest bang for your $

Heat Transfer 101 Heat moves from hot  cold Driven by temp gradient Analogous to fluid flow (high P to low P) And dispersion (high Conc. to low Conc.)

Q = A  T R Q = heat flow Btu/hr  T = temp difference o F A = wall area ft 2 R = resistance o F - ft 2 / (Btu/hr)

Insulation Typical building codes – Walls R-19 – Roofs R-30 R values for each layer is added up

R Value of a house exterior wall ½” sheetrock + 3 ½ “ insulation + ½” plywood + wood siding + tyvek R = R value = 13.73

Windows Poor insulators Building Code = double pane Leaks are a problem Single pane of ¼” glass, R= 0.9 With storm, R=2 Double pane ~2 Triple pane ~3

Water Water supply Under pressure

Collection System Only 1 drainage system Toilets Shower Bath Sinks Laundry Dishwasher Floor drains

Black and Grey water Black Can NEVER be reused Goes to sewer system Toilet Kitchen sink Dish washer Grey Can be reused but NOT for drinking Flush toilets, water gardens Shower Wash basin Laundry

Complex to re-plumb existing buildings Need to create 2 drainage systems Need to store and distribute grey water Tanks and pumps Clean water back-up in case not enough grey water Etc,etc

Roofs can be Green Or black or white or blue

White Roof

Blue Roof

The End Bank Of America Tower 1200 ft tall, 55 floors 2.1 million ft 2 LEED platinum