The water footprint of consumption in the UK Prof. dr. Arjen Hoekstra University of Twente – the Netherlands www.waterfootprint.org.

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Presentation transcript:

The water footprint of consumption in the UK Prof. dr. Arjen Hoekstra University of Twente – the Netherlands

Overview - Freshwater scarcity & pollution - The water footprint of - our daily commodities - meat - bio-energy - What can we do?

Coto Doñana National Park, southern Spain Strawberries for export Signs of global water scarcity

Former Aral Sea, Central Asia Cotton for export Signs of global water scarcity

Soybeans, deforestation, Mato Grosso, Brazil It takes 1430 million m 3 of water per year to produce soybean in Brazil for export to the UK. (equiv. to more than 0.5 million Olympic swimming pools) Signs of global water scarcity

Signs of global water pollution

The total water footprint of a consumer in the UK ► about 3% of your water footprint is at home. 150 litre/day ► about 60 to 65% of your water footprint lies abroad. ► about 97% of your water footprint is ‘invisible’, it is related to the products you buy in the supermarket litre/day for agricultural products 1100 litre/day for industrial products

Green water footprint ► volume of rainwater evaporated. Blue water footprint ► volume of surface or groundwater evaporated. Grey water footprint ► volume of polluted water. The water footprint of a product

Global water footprint of UK consumption 62% of the UK water footprint is outside its own borders [Chapagain & Orr, 2008]

[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]

99% of the total refers to water consumed in producing the feed

[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]

Meat versus vegetarian diet Meat dietkcal/daylitre/kcallitre/day Vegetarian diet kcal/daylitre/kcallitre/day Industrial countries Animal origin Animal origin Vegetable origin Vegetable origin Total Total Developing countries Animal origin Animal origin Vegetable origin Vegetable origin Total Total

Meat versus vegetarian diet Meat dietkcal/daylitre/kcallitre/day Vegetarian diet kcal/daylitre/kcallitre/day Industrial countries Animal origin Animal origin Vegetable origin Vegetable origin Total Total Developing countries Animal origin Animal origin Vegetable origin Vegetable origin Total Total

Meat versus vegetarian diet Meat dietkcal/daylitre/kcallitre/day Vegetarian diet kcal/daylitre/kcallitre/day Industrial countries Animal origin Animal origin Vegetable origin Vegetable origin Total Total Developing countries Animal origin Animal origin Vegetable origin Vegetable origin Total Total



Industrial systems Mixed systems Grazing systems Water footprint: mostly green local Water footprint: green & blue partly imported Water footprint: green & blue local

Water footprint of biofuels from different crops [litre/litre] [Gerbens-Leenes, Hoekstra & Van der Meer, 2009]

Transport modeEnergy sourceCrop source WF (litre per passenger km) AirplaneBiodiesel Rapeseed Bio-ethanol Sugar beet CarBiodiesel Rapeseed Bio-ethanol Sugar beet BusBiodiesel Rapeseed Bio-ethanol Sugar beet TrainBio-electricity Maize 8-19 Electric carBio-electricity Maize WalkingSugar Sugar beet 4.4 BikeSugar Sugar beet 1.7 Water footprint of transport when fueled with bio-energy

What can we do?

Shared terminology & calculation standards Product transparency Benchmarking Quantitative footprint reduction targets for both own operations and supply chain Reducing humanity’s water footprint – Companies Global standard Feb. 2011

Embed water footprint assessment in national water policy making. Promote coherence between water and other governmental policies: environmental, agricultural, energy, trade, foreign policy. Reduce the own organizational water footprint Promote product transparency Reducing humanity’s water footprint – Government

Stop waste of ‘blue water’ Towards precision irrigation Full water recycling in industries

Increase water productivity in rain-fed agriculture Make better use of ‘green water’

Grey water footprint  zero Towards organic farming Towards zero emission