Stephanie Jones Stebbins Seaport Environmental Programs Senior Manager Seaport Environmental Programs Port of Seattle

Ports and Climate Change Understanding our Footprint Port of Seattle Projects and Programs Green Gateway Initiative Ports and Climate Change Adaptation

Puget Sound Maritime Air Emissions Inventory 2005 activity based inventory Spans ~140 miles south-to-north; 160 miles west-to-east Close coordination Canada First to include greenhouse gases This is the largest effort of its kind ever done. $1 million plus project. All parts of the supply chain – ships, CHE, trucks & trains associated w/that cargo. Industry, port, regulator, & public interest group involvement in designing & managing the study.

2005 Port of Seattle Seaport CO2e 181,271 tons

Maritime Gas Emissions % of Regional Total Graph created from information found in Puget Sound Maritime Air Emissions Inventory (Section 2 Summary Results, Table 2.12) page 134, April 2007.

Climate change – we seek GHG emissions reductions as a co-benefit Climate change – we seek GHG emissions reductions as a co-benefit. Particularly in the area of efficiency, anything we do to speed flow & reduce idling reduces GHG emissions. Clear performance standards, flexibility in how they are met. Plan includes a menu of approaches, but collaborative decisions as to how to implement. Source categories: Harbor craft Rail Trucks Ocean-going vessels Cargo-handling equipment Short term & long term targets Developing implementation details in 2008, including funding, verification. 6

How Will this Reduce GHGs? GHG reductions will be achieved through co-benefits associated with reducing diesel particulate matter Co-benefit actions include: Switching to electricity or alternative fuels Operational efficiency improvements Support goals established by State, Provincial, and Federal governments United States Washington Climate Change Challenge: Governor Gregoire aims to reduce Washington State greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and to 25% below 1990 levels by 2035. This would be a reduction of 10 million and 30 million metric tons, respectively, below 2004 levels. Western Governor’s Climate Initiative Canada British Columbia GHG Cap and Trade Act British Columbia GHG Reductions Target Act: Reduce B.C.'s greenhouse gas emissions by at least 33% below current levels by 2020 (10% below 1990)

Reducing Fuel Consumption Anti-Idling Equipment idle controls Road/Rail grade separations Terminal Efficiencies On and near-dock rail yards Gate improvements Using technology to improve turn times Converted Toyota Prius to plug-in electric

Using Alternatives Shore Power at Terminal 91 Cruise Facility Hybrid rubber tired gantry cranes at Terminal 18 Renewable Fuels Biodiesel in Port-owned equipment 20% biodiesel at 2 container terminals

Terminal Electrification 26 electric ship to shore cranes BNSF Railway North Seattle International Gateway is the first in North America to install wide-span, electric rail mounted gantry cranes 2,560 electric plug-Ins for refrigerated containers (“reefers”)

Resource Use and Conservation Sustainable Facility Management Energy Conservation Efforts: Port of Seattle Headquarters: 43% reduction in energy use: $126K annual savings Pier 66: 58% reduction in energy use: $156K annual savings Recycling and Waste Reduction 900% increase in recycling in 5 years Sustainable facility management Total cost of ownership; Building design and operations Water & energy use reduction programs, 19% water reduction, 25% energy reduction, 900% increase in recycling over last 5-years Energy Use Pier 69 energy use: Electrical usage in 2006 was the lowest since we initiated our energy conservation program — 43% lower than  pre-program level Pre-program consumption averaged 4.77 million KWH annually. 2006 consumption was 2.71 million KWH, a reduction of over 2 million KWH, which at today's rates is a $126,000 annual reduction in operating expense 2002 usage 4,115,704 kwh 2006 usage 1,710,903 kwh 2,404,801 kwh 58.4% less electricity used $162,738 2006 savings $156,970 2007 savings

The Green Gateway Overview First study to evaluate the carbon footprint of Asia to North America trade routes Origin ports of Hong Kong, Shanghai, Singapore U.S. gateway ports of Seattle, Oakland, Los Angeles/Long Beach, Houston, Savannah, Norfolk, New York/New Jersey Destination Cities of Memphis, Columbus, Chicago Analysis determined tons carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per TEU Independent review (academics, industry) First assessment to evaluate the carbon impacts of the transportation supply chain from origin to destination “Carbon Footprint Study for the Asia to North America Intermodal Trade” Conducted by Herbert Engineering for Port of Seattle

The Green Gateway Implications The West Coast ports are the most energy-efficient gateways from Asia to U.S. consumers The Pacific Northwest ports have a slightly lower carbon footprint from Asia than any other port in North America Study adds data to the emerging field of carbon footprint assessments of supply chains West Coast Ports: as compared to all-water services through the Panama Canal and all-water services through the Suez Canal departing Shanghai or Hong Kong

The Green Gateway Results

Adaptation Concerns and Challenges Increased storm events: damage to facilities Sea Level Rise: Container terminals are currently built to 18’ above ‘0’ tide Supply chain disruption Ports in Asia may feel impacts of sea level rise before ports in North America Possible routing changes as a result of storm events Facility vulnerability assessment Underway, expected completion Q1 2010 High tide is 14’, with wave action pushing tide up to 17’ Predicted 1’ sea level rise would push storm surges over the bull rail and inundate electrical trenches with salt water Sea level rise may result in ships stacked 6 high being unable to fit underneath cranes during high tide

Looking Ahead…. Continue implementation of the Northwest Ports Clean Air Strategy Work with tenants and customers to reduce emissions and fuel consumption Seeking to better understand our footprint Engaged in regional, national, and international efforts to address emissions from goods movement Increase Adaptation Efforts

Stephanie Jones Stebbins 206-787-3818 jonesstebbins.s@portseattle.org