18.1 Imperialism and America 1. Global competition 2. Desire for military strength Imperialism- the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories Americans believed in imperialism with the idea of manifest destiny. 3 factors fueled American imperialism desire for military strength thirst for new markets belief in cultural superiority Other countries started to build up their military so the US followed suit Built up the US navy in 7yrs to become the 3rd largest in the world 13A

US NAVY

Great White Fleet’s Route

3. Thirst for new markets 4. Belief in cultural superiority 5. Cry for annexation US was overproducing certain goods so they looked to other countries for trade US believed in Social Darwinism - belief in a cultural, racial, and religious superiority over weaker countries Hawaii produced the main sugar supply for the US in 1875 b/c it was duty (tax) free McKinley Tariff of 1890 revoked the duty free status of Hawaii which meant Hawaii now faced competition in the US market US then pressured Hawaii to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor 6A

6. End of a monarchy US ambassador overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and setup a govt. run by Senator Dole President Cleveland recognized the republic of Hawaii but refused annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians wanted it 1898 congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory

18.2 The Spanish-American War 7. American interest in Cuba 8. Propaganda Journalism 1854 President Franklin Pierce tried to buy Cuba from Spain, but they refused US helped Cuba to fight for freedom from Spain in the 1890s Yellow journalism – style of propaganda that American journalist used to show the brutality of the Spanish to Cubans. 8A / 7D

Yellow Journalism

9. The De Lome letter 10. USS Maine explodes 11. War in the Philippines De Lome letter criticized the American president and made more Americans sympathize with the Cubans Ship blew up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba 260 men killed No one knows why the ship exploded Newspapers claimed that the Spanish blew up the ship 1st battle of the Spanish-American War was fought on the Philippine Islands George Dewey with American troops and Filipino rebels fought for the independence of the Philippines Spain surrendered

2D / 8D 12. The war in the Caribbean 13. Rough Riders 14. Treaty of Paris 15. Debate over treaty US placed a blockade on Cuba US army was weak Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry under the command of Teddy Roosevelt Battle of San Juan Hill – famous victory of Roosevelt’s Rough Riders which led to the American victory in Cuba US + Spain signed an armistice Treaty of Paris – Spain freed Cuba and turned over Guam + Puerto Rico to the US Spain also sold the Philippines to the US for 20 million Debate over if the US had the right to annex the Philippines 1899 - Congress approved the annexation of the Philippines 2D / 8D

Rough Riders

18.3 Acquiring New Lands 16. Return to civil govt. 17. American control of Cuba Foraker act- ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil govt. Act gave power to the US presidents to appoint governors and members of the upper house Gave the right for Puerto Ricans to be US citizens US gained a share of control in Cuba, but did not govern it as a colony Teller Amendment: prohibited annexation of Cuba US provided food, clothing, gave people land, and organized schools

4D 18. Platt Amendment 19. Philippine-American war 20. Aftermath of the war Cuba wrote its own constitution Since they did not specify a relationship with the US, the US added the Platt amendment Cuba could not make treaties that limited its independence Cuba was not to go into debt US could buy or lease land for naval stations (Guantanamo Bay) Cuba was a US Protectorate- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power Filipinos rose up against the US US had harsh control over the Island and killed many Filipinos Set up a govt. similar to that in Puerto Rico Philippines would eventually become an independent republic 4D

21. John Hay’s open door notes 22. Boxer rebellion in China 23. Why America fought in China Letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the US No single nation would have a monopoly Created an open door policy with China Europeans dominate China’s trade Boxers were anti-Christian and anti- European Army of foreign troops (including US troops) fought against and ended the rebellion US pledged to protect Chinese trade US was dependent on exports US had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign market open They feared that the closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas could threatened the economy 3A

18.4 America as a World Power 24. Roosevelt the peacemaker 25. Panama Canal Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War Won the Nobel Peace Prize US needed a canal that cut across Central America US had to get permission from Colombia who ruled Panama This resulted in a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia 11A

Roosevelt in Latin America

26. Constructing the canal 27. Roosevelt Corollary 28. Dollar Diplomacy 29. Moral Diplomacy (Missionary Diplomacy) Cost 380 million dollars (billions today) Took ten years to build the canal Roosevelt Corollary- US would use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America from European nations Big Stick Diplomacy - willing to use military force Was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine Using the US govt. to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American business (Taft) Moral obligation- US was to promote moral progress in world. (Wilson)