Cyclic Technologies™ Bicycle Anti-lock Braking System ENSC 440/ 305 Fall 2008

Team Organization Milad Gougani Project Manager Zachary Blair Software Engineer Amir Tavakoli Quality Assurance Engineer Datis Danesh Electronics Engineer Rahm Lavon Mechanical Engineer

Project First generation of smart bicycles Hydraulic ABS equipped Advanced features  Interactive menu  Speedometer  Odometer

Motivation Transport Canada recorded 60 bicyclist fatalities and thousands of bicyclist injuries in 2001 [1] Helmets are used to protect cyclists in the event of an accident, but keeping safe on a bike is largely about avoiding accidents in the first place  need for safety Bicycle is one of the few vehicles on the road with no or little improvement since its invention Market potential (one-of-a-kind system)  an opportunity to make money

Overview System Overview Speed Sensor Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Business Case Conclusion

System Overview [2]

System Overview

Speed Sensor - Hardware No power consumption !

Speed Sensor - Software distance time Speed = distance time

Speed Sensor – alternatives Hall effect sensor a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to changes in magnetic field Optical sensor a light-emitting diode illuminating a phototransistor

ECU - Hardware Data Acquisition processing the sensor signal Brake Actuation driving Hydraulic Control Unit User Interface interfacing the system with the user

Data Acquisition A/D is done by utilizing a comparator (Schmitt trigger)  more stable switching against rapid triggering by noise

Brake Actuation interfacing HCU (pump/valve) to the microcontroller

Brake Actuation

ECU – Hardware cont’d Atmel ATmega 162 microcontroller 16 kB of program memory. ~ 40% used 4 timers, input capture, PWM EEPROM for storing config HD44780 LCD display Industry standard controller

User Interface interfacing information to the user

ECU - Software Brake Actuation implementing control algorithm User Interface interfacing information to the LCD

Brake Actuation

User Interface

User Interface Features Menu-driven interface with softkeys Button debouncing and typematic key repeat Programmable backlight intensity Configuration stored in non-volatile memory

Hydraulic Control Unit

Hydraulic Brake – alternatives Cable brake Hydro viscous brake Eddy current brake

Business Case Market Cost Financing Competition

No Recession for Bicycle Makers

Need in the Market Bicycles have little or no protection Big demand for safety Helmets, gloves, goggles, knee pads, …  Protect cyclist in an accidents  Do not prevent accidents

Cost

Financing We covered all the costs  Believe in the product  Start business  Keep the product loyalty

Competition There is no similar product in the market It is a Unique design The Hydraulic ABS system will give us an edge

Estimated Product Cost

Potential Market for Bicycle ABS Professional Athletes training bicycle Novice Cyclist Everyday Commuters Electric scooters

Professional Athletes

Novice cyclists

Everyday Commuters

Electric Scooters

Other potential market Mountain Bike Riders Youth Bicycle rental retail stores

Lessons learned … Systematic approach to circuit design is needed to ensure a robust product Buy a lot of spare parts Do not underestimate Integration of working modules

Future Plan light weight lower power consumption autonomous more features  front-wheel speed monitoring  heart rate monitor  statistics  USB interface  rear view camera

References [1] Canada. Transport Canada, “Road Safety in Canada – 2001”, Transport Canada. [Online]. Available: [Accessed: Sept. 21, 2008] [2]“Anti-lock Braking System” in Wikipedia, History, Sept. 18, [Online]. Available: [Accessed: Sept. 21, 2008].

Questions ?

System Block Diagram

Overall Electronics Schematic

Team Work