Caltrans Interests in Connected Vehicles Greg Larson Division of Research, Innovation and System Information California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) June 17, 2014

National Vision for Connected Vehicles Vehicle Data latitude, longitude, time, heading angle, speed, lateral acceleration, Infrastructure Messages longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate, throttle position, brake status, Signal Phase and Timing, Fog Ahead steering angle, headlight status, wiper status, external temperature, Train Coming Drive 35 mph turn signal status, vehicle length, vehicle width, vehicle mass, 50 Parking Spaces Available bumper height

Technology for Safety - 5.9 GHz DSRC What is it? Wi-Fi radio technology adapted for the vehicle environment Low cost; easy to build in large quantity FCC originally allocated spectrum in 1999; revised in 2004 and 2006 How does it work? Messages transmitted 10 times/second (~300m range, restricted to line of sight) Basic Safety Message (BSM): vehicle position, speed, heading, acceleration, size, brake system status, etc. Privacy IS protected (vehicle location is NOT recorded or tracked) Benefits of DSRC technology compared to radar/laser technology: Reduced cost Improved reliability; fewer false alarms Increased performance; addresses more crash types Drawbacks to using DSRC technology: Both vehicles need to be equipped in order to gain the benefit Requires back-office security infrastructure

Connected Vehicle Safety • NHTSA Agency Decisions 2013 NHTSA agency decision on V2V safety communications systems Similar milestone in 2014 for a decision regarding V2V safety technology on heavy vehicles Information to support the decisions will come from many sources, including the Safety Pilot Model Deployment • Policy Work (ongoing) System Security Privacy Governance Business Models Legal Issues

Connected Vehicle Applications ENVIRONMENT APPS SAFETY APPS (V2V) MOBILITY APPS AERIS • Forward Collision Warning (FCW) • Dynamic Low Emissions Zone • Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO) • Emergency Electronic Brake • Dynamic Eco-Lanes Light (EEBL) • Intelligent Network Flow Optimization (INFLO) • Eco-Traveler Information • Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) • Eco-Signal Operations • Multi-Modal Intelligent Traffic Signal System (M-ISIG) • Eco-ICM • Blind Spot Warning (BSW)/ Lane Change Warning (LCW) • Response, Emergency Staging and Communications, Uniform Management, • Support AFV Operations • Left Turn Across Path / Opposite Direction (LTAP) and Evacuation (R.E.S.C.U.M.E.) • Enable Advanced Traveler Information System (EnableATIS) ENVIRONMENT APPS SAFETY APPS (V2I) Road Weather • Red Light Violation Warning • Freight Advanced Traveler Information System (FRATIS) • Enhanced Maintenance Decision • Curve Speed Warning Support System • Information for Maintenance and • Stop Sign Gap Assist Fleet Management Systems • Stop Sign Violation • Variable Speed Limits for • Railroad Crossing Violation Warning Weather-Responsive Traffic Management • Spot Weather Impact Warning • Motorist Advisories and Warnings • Oversize Vehicle Warning • Information for Freight Carriers • Reduced Speed/ Work Zone Warning • Information and Routing Support • Pedestrian Warning for Transit Vehicles for Emergency Responders • Smart Roadside

Moving towards Infrastructure Deployment Pilots/Early Deployments Application Development Defined Safety (V2I), Mobility (V2V & V2I), AERIS and Weather Apps FHWA Deployment Guidelines Defined V2V NHTSA Decision Apps Heavy Vehicles NHTSA Decision Light Vehicles

Affiliated Test Bed Sites Michigan: 2008 Proof of Concept Test Bed in Oakland County (Detroit region) Safety Pilot Model Deployment (Ann Arbor) New York (2008 ITS World Congress) Florida (Orlando; 2011 ITS World Congress) Virginia (under construction in Northern Virginia) Arizona (Maricopa County [Phoenix]) California (installed 2005; currently being upgraded)

Test Bed Objectives Near Term Objectives Long Term Objectives Users Upgrade and rejuvenate the existing Test Bed Ensure compliance with national standards (RSE, Backhaul, and Back Office) Take current applications to operational status Long Term Objectives Serve as a incubator and proving ground for Connected Vehicle technology and applications Build partnerships with a focus on current and future Connected Vehicle research Leverage the proximity to the Silicon Valley to take the Test Bed and associated research to the next generation Users Automotive OEMs (BMW, VW/Audi, Mercedes, Toyota) DSRC Vendors (Arada, Savari, Denso?) Transit agencies (Santa Clara VTA, SamTrans) Potential Silicon Valley Partners

California Connected Vehicle Test Bed Stanford Cambridge California Page Mill Portage/Hansen Matadero California Test Bed Curtner Ventura Los Robles Maybell Charleston Proposed TBD Existing

Example Installation

Actual Installation (Page Mill Road and El Camino Real) View of the completed installation looking southbound up El Camino Real.

Example Layout Schematic

Connected Vehicles set the stage for Vehicle Automation! Vehicle Data latitude, longitude, time, heading angle, speed, lateral acceleration, Infrastructure Messages longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate, throttle position, brake status, Signal Phase and Timing, Fog Ahead steering angle, headlight status, wiper status, external temperature, Train Coming Drive 35 mph turn signal status, vehicle length, vehicle width, vehicle mass, 50 Parking Spaces Available bumper height

Questions and Discussion For more information, please visit: www.dot.ca.gov/research Caltrans Improves Mobility Across California