ECE 4100/6100 Advanced Computer Architecture Lecture 0 Introduction Prof. Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

2 Course Information Instructor: Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee Office: TBD Online resources: – –Constantly updated, check it out regularly – Prerequisite: ECE3055 Computer Organization and Operating System or the equivalent. Textbook –Hennessy and Patterson 4 th edition –Hennessy and Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (4 th edition), Morgan Kaufmann, –() Jean-Loup Baer –(Recommended) Jean-Loup Baer, Microprocessor Architecture -- - From Simple Pipelines to Chip Multiprocessors. Cambridge Univ. Press, Other teaching materials –Key papers available later in class meetings and course web –Slides & Lectures Pre-requisite Textbook

3 Course Scope  To Learn Core concept of modern microprocessor architecture ISA, performance Instruction-Level parallelism Branch prediction and Front-end fetch Dynamic HW Scheduling Techniques Memory Hierarchy Multiprocessors, SMT, Multi-core, Many-core Cache Coherence and Memory Consistency Models Case studies of Commercial Microprocessors VLIW, EPIC, Static Scheduling Physical design, emerging trend, technology integration (if time allowed)

4 This course requires a lot of time commitment

5 BY THE WAY This is not really an “Advanced” Computer Architecture class per se

6 Grading 4 Programming Assignments: 60% –Individual work, no collaboration –TA ’ s check-off required –Could cause panicking, heartburn, dizziness, etc. Exams –One in-class exams: 15% –One final exam: 25%

7 Stack of A Computing Problem Problems Algorithms Programming Languages Compilers ISA MicroArchitecture System Architecture Implementation Logic and Circuits Transistors Manufacturing Architects’ Territory Apps Trend Technology Trend

8 Moore’s Law (a.k.a. Intel’s Roadmap) Exponential growth 42millions 2, μm 13.5mm billions Montecito 90 nm 596 mm 2 2 billions Tukwila 65 nm 698 mm 2 Source: Intel Corp. 3 billions Nvidia 3.9 billions Altera Stratix

9 Feature Size Feature size shrinks by 70% per 18 to 24 months

10 Feature Size (More Recent)

11 Transistor Cost

12 Power Density Trend Source: Intel Corp.

13 Google Server Farms (Oregon)

14 Heat Dissipation 3D Cooler Pro Pure copper Cooler jet Cooligy’s  channel Source: K. Skadron Cooking-Aware (or Colwell’s Charcoal-aware) Computing PS3 Grill (

15 Watch this Click the chip

16 Focus on Computer Architecture Computer Architecture Technology Programming Languages Operating Systems History Applications (A = F / M) instruction set software hardware Virtualization

17 Instruction Sets High Performance Servers Desktop, Notebook PC Embedded Processors Market Segments x86 PPC Atom ARM MIPS SH x86 X86, Itanium, Sparc, Alpha Present

18 Constantly Changing Definition 50s to 60s: Computer Architecture ~ Computer Arithmetic 70s to mid 80s: Instruction Set Design, especially ISA appropriate for compilers 90s: Speculation: Predict this, predict that; memory system; I/O system; Multiprocessors; Networks 2000s: Power efficiency, Communication, On-die Interconnection Network, Multi-this, Multi-that. (We are here) 2015 and beyond: Thousand-core processors, Self adapting systems? Self organizing structures? DNA Systems/Quantum Computing?

19 Job Description of a Computer Architect Used to be “Performance, performance, performance” Make trade-off of performance, complexity effectiveness, power, technology, cost, etc. New Fads Availability –Where you store your photos, s and shared docs today? –Cloud computing Reliability –Toyota blamed soft errors for the sudden acceleration problem Security –Intel acquired McAfee Power management –It is about money !

20 Job Description of a Computer Architect Understand application requirements –General purpose Desktop (Intel, AMD) –Game and multimedia (STI’s Cell, Nvidia, Wii, Xbox 360) –Embedded and real-time (ARM, Atom, MIPS) –Online transactional processing (OLTP), data warehouse servers (Sun Fire T2000 (UltraSparc T1), IBM POWER (p690), Google Cluster) –Scientific (finite element analysis, protein folding, weather forecast, defense related (DE Shaw Anton, IBM BlueGene, Cray T3D/T3E, IBM SP2) –Sometimes, there is no boundary …