Conversational Structure COM 370--John R. Baldwin

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
An Animated and Narrated Glossary of Terms used in Linguistics
Advertisements

Conversational Implicature (Based on Paltridge, chapter 3)
Conversations  Conversation are cooperative events:  Without cooperation, interaction would be chaotic. Would be no reason to communicate  Grice's.
Topic 10: conversational implicature Introduction to Semantics.
1 MODULE 2 Meaning and discourse in English COOPERATION, POLITENESS AND FACE Lecture 14.
Talk in Life and Literature LO: to understand the basis of the question and the differences between crafted and ‘real’ talk.
Lecture Six Pragmatics.
Discourse Analysis The study of language inside conversations.
1 Introduction to Linguistics II Ling 2-121C, group b Lecture 10 Eleni Miltsakaki AUTH Spring 2006.
Communicative Language Ability
Speech acts and events. Ctions performed To express themselves, people do not only produce utterances, they perform actions via those Utterances, such.
Qualitative Data Analysis: An introduction Carol Grbich Chapter 17 : Chapter 17 : Narrative analysis Narrative analysis.
Dr. Abdelrahim Hamid Mugaddam. Words, phrases, clauses and sentences have certain kinds of structures not others. There are ways of signaling the beginnings,
Pragmatics.
Chapter 7 Pragmatics and discourse analysis. Outline 1. Pragmatics: meaning and contexts 2. Speech act 3. Presupposition 4. Deitics 5. Discourse and Analysis.
Speech Acts & Language Functions Pragmatics Not only language structure is rule governed – language use is, too Rules of language use are social: ”Is saying.
Researching Conversation: An Overview
CHAPTER 11 Episodes, Contexts, and Intercultural Interactions
Semantics 3rd class Chapter 5.
Literary Elements An essential technique used in literature (e.g., characterization, setting, plot, theme).
Conversational Coherence COM 370--John R. Baldwin.
6.3 Macropragmatics Speech act theory The cooperative principle The politeness principle.
1 Lingua Inglese 1 LM Spoken narrative analysis CONVERSATIONAL NARRATIVE Lecture 1A+B.
Theories of Discourse and Dialogue. Discourse Any set of connected sentences This set of sentences gives context to the discourse Some language phenomena.
A rhetorical approach to teaching writing © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
Language used in conversation Two ways 1. For manipulating relationships 2. Achieving particular goals Rules for conducting and interpreting conversations.
COM 370--John R. Baldwin.  Setting the scene: Ex: a tough discussion  Social context  Physical context  Relationship  Mood/state of mind  Speech.
Chapter 8 Pragmatics Contents 8.1 Some basic notions 8.2 Speech act theory 8.3 Principle of conversation.
Teaching Productive Skills Which ones are they? Writing… and… Speaking They have similarities and Differences.
Discourse Analysis Force Migration and Refugee Studies Program The American University in Cairo Professor Robert S. Williams.
Chapter Nine Theories of Discourse and Interaction.
Schneider: Discourse1 CHAPTER 12: DISCOURSE READ 656 Dr. Schneider.
HYMES (1964) He developed the concept that culture, language and social context are clearly interrelated and strongly rejected the idea of viewing language.
Pragmatics.
Pragmatics 1 Ling400. What is pragmatics? Pragmatics is the study of language use.Pragmatics is the study of language use. Intuitive understanding of.
Dr. Katie Welch LING  Heretofore, we have talked about the form of language  But, this is only half the story.  We must also consider the.
Standards Of Textuality And Speech Acts.
Presentation about pragmatic concepts Implicatures Presuppositions
Welcome Back, Folks! We’re travelling to a littele bit far-end of Language in Use Studies EAA remains your faithful companion.
UNIT 2 - IMPLICATURE.
ADRESS FORMS AND POLITENESS Second person- used when the subject of the verb in a sentence is the same as the individual to.
Defining Discourse.
TOPIC MANAGEMENT AND TURN-TAKING Discourse Strategies used by speakers and how cooperation is achieved.
Goal :Communicative Competence
Year R Stay and Play Talk. Why?  Communication is the number one skill. Without it, children will struggle to make friends, learn and enjoy life.
AP German Language & Culture Exam Prep Tips. World Languages and Cultures In today's global community, competence in more than one language is an essential.
Introduction to Linguistics
Speech Acts Actions performed via utterances e.g. You are fired
Objectives of session By the end of today’s session you should be able to: Define and explain pragmatics and prosody Draw links between teaching strategies.
Language: Comprehension, Production, & Bilingualism Dr. Claudia J. Stanny EXP 4507 Memory & Cognition Spring 2009.
Implicature. I. Definition The term “Implicature” accounts for what a speaker can imply, suggest or mean, as distinct from what the speaker literally.
CH 8: Conversational Messages (slide 1) Chapter 8: Conversational Messages This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law.
PRAGMATICS 2.
Aristotel‘s concept to language studies was to study true or false sentences - propositions; Thomas Reid described utterances of promising, warning, forgiving.
Chapter 8 Spoken Discourse. Linguistic Competence communicative competence: the knowledge we bring to using language as a communicative tool in conversation.
COMMUNICATION OF MEANING
PRAGMATICS Prof. R. S. Pale
Interpreting as Process
MODULE 2 Meaning and discourse in English
Aylin Küntay PSYC 453 Meeting 19
Figurative Language Understanding: A Special Process?
Approaches to Discourse
Discourse and Pragmatics
Discourse and Pragmatics
SPEECH ACTS AND EVENTS 6.1 Speech Acts 6.2 IFIDS 6.3 Felicity Conditions 6.4 The Performative Hypothesis 6.5 Speech Act Classifications 6.6 Direct and.
Introduction to Linguistics
Literature review 2 University of Nizwa, 2016.
Nofsinger. R., Everyday Conversation, Sage, 1991
Pragmatics Predmetni nastavnik: doc. dr Valentna Boskovic Markovic
Nofsinger. R., Everyday Conversation, Sage, 1991
Presentation transcript:

Conversational Structure COM 370--John R. Baldwin

Review  GRICE  Cooperative principle  Maxims  Qualilty  Quantity  Relevance (Relation)  Manner  Implicature (with some examples)

Review  Speech Acts Theory  Three levels or “forces”  Locutionary  Illocutionary  Perlocutionary  Five main classifications  Representatives  Directives  Expressives  Commissives  Declaratives

Brief exercise  At a Job Interview:“Well, you impress me with your education and enthusiasm. Consider yourself now a member of the firm.”  Where’s the beef? Sally: “Have you started the burgers, yet?” Hubby: “Hey, I’ve had a lot to do today, okay? Why don’t you start them yourself!”

 In COM 370: It’s almost noon and Jaemie’s hungry  Jaemie: You guys wanna get some lunch? Sue: I’ve got to study for an exam.  Sam: Is the Pope Catholic?

 Ron:“Jill, I-, I-, I love you” Jill:“No you don’t. You can’t love me. We have only been dating for a month.”  Why are speech acts and Grice important for our everyday communication?  Can you think of a time when “speech act confusion” got in the way in your own communication?

Felicity conditions/constitutive rules  Propositional content  Preparatory conditions (situational rules)  Sincerity conditions  Essential conditions Speech Acts: Kickin’ it up a notch…

Nofsinger Chs 2 & 3 RequestThreatOffer PropositionalFuture PreparatorySp is able Act is not ordinary H can do the act SinceritySp must want H to do the act EssentialSp is attempting to get H to do s.thing

Coordinated Management of Meaning  Constitutive: what makes it what it is?  Regulative: how does one do it? (deontic logic, p. 40) Example: Sarcasm in organizational culture Two types of rules

Hierarchy of Meanings TEXTCONTEXTS ContentSpeech Act Episode Relationship/Contract Self-concept Cultural Patterns

Life script/self-concept Relationship Episode Speech Act Text Ex: “Would you stop that?!”

Interruptions & Overlaps  TRP: Turn-Relevant Place  TCU: Turn-constructional units. Our utterances (“turns”) may be made up of several of these  Interruption: 2 nd speaker comes in in place other than TCU (i.e., where TCU is “not projected.”  Overlap: 2 nd speaker comes in at/near TCU  “Continuer”: Overlap that continues S1’s turn  LRRM: Listener-Response Relevant Moments

Types of Discourse (The Mysterious Ch. 9) AttributesDebateCeremonyMeetingConvers. Number of people Topic Turn order Turn length

Conversation issues  Participants and non-participants  Type of relationship (friends versus acquaintances)  Demographic differences (e.g., gender)  Specific genre of conversation (job interview, therapy, openings, closings)

Global Coherence: Narratives  Narratives: Stories told in interaction with characters, events, time sequence. They can be true or false, but are generally assumed to be true by the speaker.  How long must a narrative be?  Preferential or Obligatory rules?  Narrative must surround a “narratable event”  Repairs can be used to fix problems in referencing, sequencing, or evaluating  Repairs can be initiated by the speaker or hearer  E.g., insertions, retracking

Narrative reportability  Teller’s involvement (if hearer knows the teller)  Culturally significant information  “Inherently and permanently reportable” versus “reportable in context”

Narrative A typical narrative has these components:  Setting  Orientation  Complication  Resolution  Evaluation  Conclusion  [How are van Dijk’s prejudiced narratives different? Why is this important?]

Narrative Rules: who & what? (Metts)  Contexting rule:  Speaker  When/how?  Relevant to the topic  At prior topic close (e.g., the “lull”)  Introduced with relevance accounted for  Off-topic, but with prefatory signal  May be similar in “theme” (e.g., embarassment, failure, joy)

 Alignment rule:  Hearer  Wait for interruption  Can express “minimal responses of attention and appreciation” at Listener Response Relevant Moments (LRRMs)

 Concision rules:  I. Unnecessary Events: Omit “subevents” not necessary for understanding.  II. Audience familiarity: Shorten narratives with which audience is familiar.

 Comprehension rules:  I. Referencing: avoid vague references to people, places, events not understood by hearer  II. Sequencing: narrative should have logical (sequential) order  III. Evaluating: For narrative to be understood, you must “evaluate” the central action, indicate meaning of narrative at that point in the conversation.

 Appropriateness rules:  I. [Formality]: Story should match appropriate level of formality for the situatuation  II. [Altercasting]: Avoid stories that cast your interaction partner (i.e., make a “role bid”) in a role that she or he would not appreciate in the context.  [might there be others?]

 Narrative Receipt Rule:  Responding rule: Assume the narrative fit within the interaction context. “At the first indication of the narrative’s completion, you must offer an implicative turn that indicates your understanding or appreciation of for the evaluative point of the narrative”

Application  CMM: normative and constitutive rules  Schema  Cohesion:  Local (utterance by utterance)  Global  Effectiveness (per Thompson)  Narrative rules

The Funeral  iL8xs iL8xs iL8xs