+ Cognition. + Cognition: Thinking All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

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Presentation transcript:

+ Cognition

+ Cognition: Thinking All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

+ Organizing Information: Concepts and Prototypes Chair ReclinerStoolDesk Bird Color Triangle Motor vehicle A sentence A heroic action A game A philosopher A writer Concepts Draw or describe each of the following

+ Solving Problems 1) Heuristics and Algorithms: The first one to figure out my password gets an automatic 100% on the next test. How will you go about solving this problem? 2) Insight: Something extraordinarily unusual happened on the 6 th of May, 1978, at 12:34pm. What was it? Can you translate the following into a sentence? What occurs once in every minute, twice in every moment, yet never in a thousand years? Can you translate the following? YYURYYUBICURYY4ME

+ Creativity When I say go, think of as many uses as you can for a paperclip Add up your total number of uses and divide by two (giving you an average number/minute score Average score: 4 (8 is unusually high, 12 is very rare, and 16 makes you better than one in a thousand. Try to think of 4-8 things that might happen if we suddenly had three arms:

+ Why we’re not very good at it sometimes... Fixation—inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective Functional Fixedness exampes Confirmation Bias: Political connections

+ Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts 1) Representative 2) Availability 3) Anchoring

+ Representative Heuristic Representative Heuristic: To judge the likelihood of things in terms of how well they represent particular prototypes Linda is 31, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy in college. As a student, she was deeply concerned with discrimination and other social issues, and she participated in antinuclear demonstrations. Which statement is more likely? A. Linda is a bank teller B. Linda is a bank teller and active in the feminist movement. Aka...stereotyping...we judge people by the likelihood that they fit our representation of groups to which we feel they should belong.

+ Which of the following are the more frequent causes of death in the US? All accidents or strokes Suicide or blood poisoning Homicide or diabetes Motor vehicle (car, truck, bus) accident or colorectal cancer

+ Which country has the largest population? Morocco or Saudi Arabia? Australia or Myanmar? South Africa or Vietnam? Libya or Sri Lanka? Iraq or Tanzania?

+ Which city has the higher crime rate? Chicago, IL or Kansas City, MO Las Vegas, NV or Stockton, CA Miami, FL or Phoenix, AZ Honolulu, HI or Raliegh, NC New York, NY or Aurora, IL

+ Answers (in terms of deaths/100,000) All accidents (37.7) vs. strokes (51.1) Suicide (10.9) vs. blood poisoning (11.2) Homocide (5.9) vs. diabetes (24.5) Motor vehicles (15.3) v. colorectal cancer (17.8) Morocco (34 m) or Saudi Arabia (28 m Australia (21 m) or Myanmar (47 m) South Africa (48 m) or Vietnam 86m) ? Libya (6m)or Sri Lanka (20m)? Iraq (28m) or Tanzania (38m)? Chicago, IL (15.6) or Kansas City, MO (26.1) Las Vegas, NV (11.3) or Stockton, CA (14.6) Miami, FL (13.9) or Phoenix, AZ (15.0) Honolulu, HI (1.7) or Raliegh, NC (6.0) New York, NY (6.6)or Aurora, CO (9.5)

+ Availability Heuristic Availability Heuristic: when we base our judgments on how mentally available information is.

+ Write down the last two digits of your social security number Estimate the price of the following items...

+ Depth Finder

+ Buddha Statue

+ Picture of Lincoln

+ Bamboo plant

+ Raku Plaque

+ Anchoring Heuristic Organize yourselves in the following categories SS # SS # SS # Average your estimates for each item

+ Extra help on heuristics... rules-of-thumb-explained-episode-151/