Bones o Femur, Tibia, Patella Ligaments o Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) o Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) o Cruciate = Crossing o Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) o Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) o Collateral = support / at the side Meniscus o Medial and lateral Meniscus

Valgus forces Swelling over the medial joint line Decrease in ROM Grade 2 or higher should be placed in a straight leg immobilizer with crutches Typically does not require surgery for repair

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Rare injury Very awkward mechanism Varus force the angle pointing away from the midline Force from the medial side of knee No surgery RG III washington-redskins-does-not-major-knee-injury

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Very rare May not need to be repaired Strongest but least important ligament in the knee Hyperflexion Often occurs when falling with a bent knee Common in car accidents when the knee hits the dashboard Posterior Drawer Test

Contact or non-contact Usually considered a “cutting” injury “pop” with immediate dysfunction Usually associated with meniscus injury 95% of cases require some surgery for return to sports 6 to 8 month rehabilitation Autograft vs. Allograft HzaDxBug&feature=related MuqXWrE&feature=related

“cartilage” Shock absorbers Increase joint congruency Increase joint stability Injury Mechanism o Rotation o Extreme knee flexion

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Decrease swelling/ecchymosis/pain Increase ROM Increase strength o Within 85% of the uninvolved leg Increase weight bearing Increase function Return to partial activity Return to full activity

ACL o Lachmans Lachmans o Anterior Drawer o Pivot-shift Pivot-shift MCL o Valgus Stress Test Valgus Stress Test LCL o Varus Stress Test Varus Stress Test PCL o Posterior Drawer Meniscus o McMurray Test McMurray Test o Bounce Home Bounce Home Patellofemoral Tests

 Knee Replacement Surgery Knee Replacement Surgery

 Rugby is dangerous to the knees. Rugby is dangerous to the knees.  Basketball Dislocation. Basketball Dislocation.  The U. The U.  Houston’s football team is terrible. Houston’s football team is terrible.