BIOL Wed 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 BIOL Thu 3:00 – 4:50 LS 207 BIOL Fri 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 Heath Blackmon LS 459 Office Hours: 10:30-12:00 Tue and Thu

Macromolecules Diverse molecules that serve a variety of purposes in living organisms

CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS*

Carbohydrates Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Monosaccharide – Glucose, fructose, ribose Disaccharide – Lactose, Sucrose Polysaccharide – “Many Sugars”

Carbohydrates Polysaccharides – Starch Glucose storage – Glycogen Glucose storage – Cellulose structural

Carbohydrates How do you break up large sugars? – Hydrolysis With use of enzymes, break down complex starches to glucose, in presence of water. Ex: Seed growth, beer production

Lipids Made of Carbon and Hydrogen Insoluble in water Ex: Oils, fats – Found in plants and animals

Proteins Made of tightly bound Amino Acids – Peptide bonds Structure – Primary – Secondary – Tertiary – Quaternary

Tests to be performed today Sugar, Starch, Lipid, Protein

Sugar Test Benedict’s Reagent – Glucose vs. Sucrose – Tests for presence of simple sugars (monosacchride) – Record results

Starch Test Iodine Reagent (iodine potassium iodide) – Mix with potato starch in test tube – Record results

Hydrolysis Breaking up sugars with water and acid Test samples with Benedict's test and Iodine test Record results

Lipid Test Brown Paper test Record Results

Protein Test Biuret reagent – protein indicator Albumin – Egg protein Record Results

Macromolecules in Food Separation of Butter – Lipid Layer and Protein Layer of butter – Perform tests on the two layers and regular butter Tests with food – Perform the tests on Banana, Coconut, Milk, Peanut, and Potato

Lab Manual pp Lab Manual Conversions and Scientific Notation Difference between a monosachride and disachride Monosachrides are simple sugars Disachrides have two simple sugars joined together Carbohydrates are long chains of sugars An example of a way that we use macromolecules: Lipids – cell membranes Proteins – enzymes (hemoglobin) Carbohydrates – energy storage Nucleic Acids – DNA