Range of Motion

A goniometer is a medical tool that is used to measure range of motion. This range is expressed as angles and listed in degrees.

 Like a compass, the circular portion of a goniometer is marked with degrees, from 0 to 360.

 Two arms extend from this circle, one of which can pivot freely. The arm that does not pivot is mounted at the zero-degree point.

 The axis (fulcrum) of the goniometer will be placed over the joint. The moving arm follows the motion. Neutral extension at each joint is recorded as 0 degrees. As the joint flexes, motion progresses towards 180 degrees.

 Look at the pictures on the Student Resource Sheet. Using what you have learned about movement at a joint, match the action with the correct range of motion picture. Each pair of pictures shows the placement of the goniometer at the beginning and end of the motion. Remember, you are measuring the range – how far the limb progresses at the joint while performing a specific motion.

 NOTE: Three actions do NOT have a corresponding photograph. Later, you will be responsible for describing, drawing, or photographing the missing measurements.

Answer: Elbow Flexion Normal range 0-140

Answer: Shoulder Internal Rotation Normal range 0-90

Answer: Shoulder Abduction Normal range 0-180

Answer: Knee Flexion Normal range 0-150

Answer: Shoulder Extension Normal range 0-50

Answer: Plantar Flexion Normal range 0-40

Answer: Shoulder Flexion Normal range 0-150

Answer: Hip extension Normal range 0-30