Mammals

Mammal Numbers Appeared 140 million yrs ago. Appeared 140 million yrs ago. Dinosaur food for 80 million yrs. Dinosaur food for 80 million yrs. Dominant group of the Cenozoic (last 65 million years) Dominant group of the Cenozoic (last 65 million years) 4600 species 4600 species 27 Orders 27 Orders

Mammal Characteristics The ability to produce milk. The ability to produce milk. (therefore…lips) (therefore…lips) Higher level of parental care Higher level of parental care Warm Blooded (endothermic) Warm Blooded (endothermic) All breathe with lungs All breathe with lungs diaphragm diaphragm 4 chambered heart 4 chambered heart Hair or fur Hair or fur

Mammal Characteristics 7 cervical vertebrae 7 cervical vertebrae Highly developed nervous system Highly developed nervous system External Ears External Ears Efficient Kidneys Efficient Kidneys Different types of teeth( incisors, canines, premolars, molars) Different types of teeth( incisors, canines, premolars, molars)

Mammal Reproduction Most are NOT monogamous Most are NOT monogamous Male is often larger, distinctive Male is often larger, distinctive Copulation varies from a few seconds to several hours Copulation varies from a few seconds to several hours Milk produced by modified sweat glands. Milk produced by modified sweat glands.

Mammal Reproduction Monotremes - egg-laying mammals Monotremes - egg-laying mammals platypus & spiny anteater platypus & spiny anteater Marsupials - pouched mammals Marsupials - pouched mammals Mainly in Australia – Mainly in Australia – Opossum - Opossum - Placentals - all others Placentals - all others

Mammal Groups

Ungulates Hoofed mammals Hoofed mammals Odd toed - horse, tapir, rhino Odd toed - horse, tapir, rhino Even toed - next slide Even toed - next slide

Order Artiodactyla 2 or 4 toes, modified as hooves 2 or 4 toes, modified as hooves herbivores, complex stomachs, herbivores, complex stomachs, many with horns (perm) or antlers (shed yearly) many with horns (perm) or antlers (shed yearly) pig, hippo, camel, deer, giraffe, bovines pig, hippo, camel, deer, giraffe, bovines

Order Carnivora All have carnassial teeth All have carnassial teeth extremely acute senses extremely acute senses Families - cat, dog, bear, raccoon, weasel, civet, hyena Families - cat, dog, bear, raccoon, weasel, civet, hyena

Order Cetacea Echolocation Echolocation Toothed whales Toothed whales Baleen whales Baleen whales

Order Chiroptera 2nd largest order with 900 species 2nd largest order with 900 species wing is a web of skin between fingers and hind limbs wing is a web of skin between fingers and hind limbs many colonial, important insectivores and pollinators many colonial, important insectivores and pollinators echolocation via ultrasound echolocation via ultrasound

Order Insectivora many teeth, not specialized many teeth, not specialized most primitive PLACENTAL order most primitive PLACENTAL order small, nocturnal, high metabolic rate. small, nocturnal, high metabolic rate. shrews, moles, hedgehogs shrews, moles, hedgehogs

Order Lagomorpha Rabbits and hares, pikas Rabbits and hares, pikas 2nd pair of incisors 2nd pair of incisors

Announcements! Because of weather, HOURS accepted until 3 pm next Monday Because of weather, HOURS accepted until 3 pm next Monday Mammal test is this Thursday Mammal test is this Thursday Vacation rent-a-critter signup Friday Vacation rent-a-critter signup Friday Final Exam details on website Final Exam details on website

Order Primates Grasping hands, front facing eyes, large brains Grasping hands, front facing eyes, large brains Prosimians - lower primates Prosimians - lower primates lemurs, tarsiers, aye-aye lemurs, tarsiers, aye-aye Anthropoids - higher primates Anthropoids - higher primates marmosets, monkeys, apes, man marmosets, monkeys, apes, man

Order Rodentia Largest order (1,702 species) gnawing mammals Largest order (1,702 species) gnawing mammals incisors & molars only incisors & molars only incisors continue to grow incisors continue to grow 3 suborders 3 suborders –squirrel-like –mouse-like –cavies, porcupines, chinchillas

roasted bandicoot rat

Other orders seals (pinnipeds) seals (pinnipeds) manatees manatees elephants elephants edentates, (toothless) edentates, (toothless)

Mammal Records (mammal) [human] (mammal) [human] Largest - Blue Whale (150 tons) [1069 pounds] Largest - Blue Whale (150 tons) [1069 pounds] Smallest - Kitti’s Hog-nosed bat (0.5 grams) [2 feet] Smallest - Kitti’s Hog-nosed bat (0.5 grams) [2 feet]

More Records Tallest - giraffe (19 feet) [8 feet, 11 inches] Tallest - giraffe (19 feet) [8 feet, 11 inches] Fastest - cheetah (60 mph) [27] Fastest - cheetah (60 mph) [27] Fastest (aquatic) - Orca (35mph) [5] Fastest (aquatic) - Orca (35mph) [5]

More Records Fastest (sustained) - Pronghorn (45 mph) [10] Fastest (sustained) - Pronghorn (45 mph) [10] Long jump - red kangaroo (40 feet) [30 feet] Long jump - red kangaroo (40 feet) [30 feet] High jump - puma (18 feet) [8 feet] High jump - puma (18 feet) [8 feet]

Group assignment - PowerPoint Slideshow on a Mammalian Order (or large family) of your choice. Minimum 5 slides (max 10) Minimum 5 slides (max 10) Must include a picture Must include a picture #s, characteristics, examples #s, characteristics, examples