Sustainability of Special Hazards Fire Suppression Systems Presented By: John Schuster Representative of SEVO Systems

↓ 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid SEVO Systems offers the most Safe, EnVirOnmentally sustainable choice in fire suppression 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid ↓ SEVO® 1230 “True Retrofit” Systems Fireflex™ 1230 and Dual Cabinets Providing choices to meet your needs and the ability to utilize existing installation programs or allowing the creation of new and updated systems.

A Heritage of Innovation FK-5-1-12 (Novec 1230 Fluid) Was Invented To Meet Industries Need For a Sustainable Replacement for Halon

Initial Testing In 2000 - 2001 3M Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid Finding the Characteristics Two-Phase Flow Liquid to vapor Extinguishing Concentration Nozzle Distribution As the first of four OEMs to to develop Novec 1230 systems, Our initial testing began trying to mist and local application, when testing different nozzles we found that we are going to be able to use it as a Total Flooding agent as well. With the request of 3M we began testing to find the characteristics of its Two-Phase Flow and getting it to gasify. The when began testing to establish extinguishing concentrations and nozzle distribution. 3M Fire Test Facility, Mendota Heights, MN

Technology for Today’s World …..for the life of your people …..for the life of your equipment …..for the life of your system

“Clean Agent” Criteria “For fire protection of special hazards and valuable assets” Protecting high value assets Energized areas Artifacts and archived data Must maintain continuous operations Life safety is a concern Emergency communications Occupied or may be occupied Must be a clean agent No residue

The “Next Generation” chemical fire extinguishant Meeting industry concerns for safety, performance and the environment Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Very low GWP / Short atmospheric lifetime Low toxicity Effective for total flooding Safe for sensitive, valuable assets

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Physical Properties of Novec 1230 Fluid Agent disperses as a gas No residue High density Water Insoluble High dielectric strength Liquid at room temperature Agent super-pressurized with N2 in cylinder

Extinguishing Mechanism The Fire Tetrahedron Removing one of the required components for fire or disrupting the balance between them can cause a fire to extinguish fuel oxygen heat chain reaction Inert gases extinguish primarily via oxygen depletion halon extinguishes primarily via interruption of the combustion chain reaction Novec 1230 Fluid extinguishes primarily via cooling – removing heat from the fire

Typical Physical Properties Property Unit Water Novec 1230 Boiling Point °C 100 49.0 Freezing Point -108 Specific Heat, vapor, Cp @ 25°C kJ/kg·°C 1.87 0.891 Vapor Pressure @ 25°C kPa 3.17 40.36 Heat of Vaporization @ 25°C kJ/kg 2442 94.9 > 12X < 25X “Novec 1230 fluid evaporates ~ 50 times faster than water”

Total Flooding Applications Novec 1230 fluid is a total flooding product Approved by UL and FM as well as by marine notified bodies

Novec™ 1230 Fluid Safety Margin 1 Class A Fuels 2 Class B Fuels

Novec 1230 Fluid Safety Considerations Safety Margin = D (Safe Use Limit - Design Concentration) NOAEL

Toxicological Summary on Novec™ 1230 fluid Low in acute and chronic toxicity Not a cardiac sensitizer, NOAEL = 10%v/v NOAEL for 4 hour acute inhalation toxicity study = 10% v/v NOAEL for all acute inhalation toxicity end points =10% v/v Data reviewed and conclusions corroborated by numerous independent authorities

Less difficult to fill and easier to transport Boiling point 49ºC (Liquid @ room temp.) Can be shipped by air Meets all transportation regulations Less difficult fill station requirements A closed loop system is recommended to avoid moisture and other potential contamination

The long-term, sustainable solution

GWP of Various Compounds GWP (100 Yr ITH) CO2 1 N2O 296 CH4 23 CF3CH2F (HFC-134a) 1,300 CF3CFHCF3 (HFC-227ea) 3,220 CF3H (HFC-23) 14,800 C2F6 11,900 C3F8, C4F10, C6F14 8,600 - 9,000 SF6 22,200 C4F9OCH3 (HFE-7100) 320 C4F9OC2H5 (HFE-7200) 55 C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2 Naturally occurring compounds

GWP of Various Compounds GWP (100 Yr ITH) CO2 1 N2O 296 CH4 23 CF3CH2F (HFC-134a) 1,300 CF3CFHCF3 (HFC-227ea) 3,220 CF3H (HFC-23) 14,800 C2F6 11,900 C3F8, C4F10, C6F14 8,600 - 9,000 SF6 22,200 C4F9OCH3 (HFE-7100) 320 C4F9OC2H5 (HFE-7200) 55 C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2 Naturally occurring compounds HFCs

GWP of Various Compounds GWP (100 Yr ITH) CO2 1 N2O 296 CH4 23 CF3CH2F (HFC-134a) 1,300 CF3CFHCF3 (HFC-227ea) 3,220 CF3H (HFC-23) 14,800 C2F6 11,900 C3F8, C4F10, C6F14 8,600 - 9,000 SF6 22,200 C4F9OCH3 (HFE-7100) 320 C4F9OC2H5 (HFE-7200) 55 C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2 Naturally occurring compounds HFCs PFCs

GWP of Various Compounds GWP (100 Yr ITH) CO2 1 N2O 296 CH4 23 CF3CH2F (HFC-134a) 1,300 CF3CFHCF3 (HFC-227ea) 3,220 CF3H (HFC-23) 14,800 C2F6 11,900 C3F8, C4F10, C6F14 8,600 - 9,000 SF6 22,200 C4F9OCH3 (HFE-7100) 320 C4F9OC2H5 (HFE-7200) 55 C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2 Naturally occurring compounds HFCs PFCs HFEs

GWP of Various Compounds GWP (100 Yr ITH) CO2 1 N2O 296 CH4 23 CF3CH2F (HFC-134a) 1,300 CF3CFHCF3 (HFC-227ea) 3,220 CF3H (HFC-23) 14,800 C2F6 11,900 C3F8, C4F10, C6F14 8,600 - 9,000 SF6 22,200 C4F9OCH3 (HFE-7100) 320 C4F9OC2H5 (HFE-7200) 55 C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2 Naturally occurring compounds HFCs PFCs HFEs Novec 1230 fluid

Environmental Footprint Comparison Halogenated Compounds 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 halon 1301 Global Warming Potential HFC- 125 HFC- 227ea halon 1211 Novec 1230 Area of the circle is proportional to the atmospheric lifetime of the compound.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Discharge of an average size clean agent system using HFCs (system contains ~324 kg of HFC-125) is equivalent to: 1,134,000 kgs of CO2 emitted 2562 barrels of oil consumed 238 cars driven for one year 141 U.S. household’s electricity use of one year 15 tanker trucks of gasoline consumed 6 rail road cars of coal burned

Environmental Properties Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Atmospheric lifetime of 5 days Global Warming Potential of 1 (100 year ITH) Potential for significant greenhouse gas emission reduction from the installed base of HFCs

Atmospheric Transport Times 100’s of years into mesosphere <200 nm Solar l 1 km 10 km 30 km Altitude 75 km 1 to 3 years into stratosphere <290 nm days to weeks to reach tropopause 300 nm hours to reach planetary boundary layer >300 nm

UV Absorption of Ketones lmax = 305 nm acetone

Atmospheric Lifetime Controlling Factors for FK-5-1-12 Oxidation  Reactivity with •OH Requires high reaction rate to produce very short lifetime Rain Out  Dissolution and Deposition Requires high water solubility and low volatility Photolysis  UV Absorbance and Dissociation Requires strong absorbance in the near UV to produce short lifetime

Atmospheric Degradation Mechanism C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2 4CO2 + CF3COOH + 9HF "Photolysis of C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2 in air gives CF3C(O)F and COF2. CF3C(O)F will be incorporated into air/cloud/seawater where it will undergo hydrolysis to give trifluoroacetic acid. Similarly, COF2 will undergo hydrolysis to give CO2 and HF. At the concentrations expected in the environment, none of these degradation products is considered harmful.” Taniguchi, et al., J. Phys. Chem. A, 2003, 107, 2674-2679

FK-5-1-12 has undergone thorough environmental assessment Atmospheric sink is photolysis leading to lifetime on order of 5 days Degradation products not considered to be environmentally harmful Short atmospheric lifetime leads to negligible direct GWP Decomposition products lead to negligible indirect GWP Compound is stable for handling and long-term storage in systems

equivalent future emissions At this moment*, installations, worldwide, of 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid have prevented more than 28,685,202,000 lbs. of C02 equivalent future emissions *Nov 1, 6:00 AM, 2009

(Extracted from the 3M Web Site) – The global warming potential of a clean agent is expressed by the number of pounds of CO2 it would take to equal the impact of the discharge of one pound of the agent. For example, HFC-227ea, the predominant HFC installed in fire protection systems, has a GWP of 3220, meaning that the discharge of one pound of HFC is equivalent to 3,220 pounds of CO2. By contrast, Novec 1230 fluid has a GWP of 1, about the same as naturally-occurring CO2. As the installed base of Novec 1230 fluid begins to replace HFC-227ea, the amount of CO2 equivalency that could potentially be released to the atmosphere decreases correspondingly. This counter, based on existing and projected installations, represents the approximate amount of CO2 equivalency being reduced at any given point in time by the replacement of HFC-227ea with Novec 1230 fluid.

The 3M™ Blue SkySM Warranty for 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid If 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid is banned from or restricted in use as a fire protection agent due to ODP, or GWP, 3M will refund the purchase price of the Novec 1230 fluid. Warranty good for 20 years. Must register your system with 3M within 30 days of system commissioning and every five years. For complete terms and conditions or to register your system for the 3M™ Blue SkySM Warranty, log onto: www.3M.com/NOVEC1230Fluid

Compatible with fire system materials Non-corrosive Long term testing of compatibility with materials of construction (system hardware) Compatability with plastics confirmed 30 year shelf life in properly maintained and installed systems

Regulatory Status 3M™ Novec™ Fire Protection Fluid complies with chemical notification requirements under the following guidelines: Approved USA TSCA, SNAP for streaming and flooding Europe ELINCS Canada CDSL Korea KECI Australia AICS China CICS Japan METI More Global

NFPA 2001, 2008 Edition 1.6* Environmental Factors. When an agent is being selected to protect a hazard area, the effects of the agent on the environment shall be considered. Selection of the appropriate fire suppression agent shall include consideration of the following items: Potential environmental effect of a fire in the protected area Potential environmental effect of the various agents that could be used * 3.2.4 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Standards, Approvals and Listings for Novec 1230 Fluid U.S EPA SNAP approved as alternative to halon in occupied spaces NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Protection Systems ISO 14520 Standard on Gaseous Media Fire Extinguishing Systems FM Approved UL Listed IMO Recognized DNV Approved VdS Approved LPCB Approved Bureau Veritas Approved CNPP Approved Lloyds Approvedd

International Experience w/ HFCs • Non-critical Halon systems were forced into decommissioning in Europe by end of 2003 – Venting may have occurred at significant levels • Denmark has banned HFC use in fire suppression • Switzerland only allows HFC use only if safety of people cannot otherwise be assured • European Union has not limited HFC use in fire suppression systems

Kyoto Protocol Adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan CO2, CH4, N20, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 Worldwide differentiated target of 5.2% reduction in GHG emissions between 2008-2012 (1990 levels) EU (-8%), Japan (-6%), U.S. (-7%, at +16%) No international policies and measures

Environmental Need Phase-out of Ozone Depleting Agents Halon - EU (European Union) - Canada - Asia - Australia

Environmental Need Phase-out of HGWMs (High Global Warming Materials) HFCs EU (European Union) - Austria – Banned before 2008 - Denmark - Banned before 2007 - Germany – Initial proposal underway - Norway – Enacted tax ($72 USD) per kg - Switzerland – Banned on January 1, 2003

United States Environmental Activity H.R. 2454 American Clean Energy and Security Act, Section 619 (Passed June 2009) Senate – Anticipate activity yet in 2009 California – Increased pressure to limit use of HFCs in fire suppression

Scope of U.S. Discussions Section 619 of HR 2454 addresses a wide range of HFCs placing HFCs used in fire suppression (small segment) along with refrigerants (huge segment). HFCs used for fire suppression include high GWP materials: HFC 23; HFC-227ea; HFC-236fa and HFC-125. HFCs used for fire suppression should be separated from refrigerants in Section 619.

GWP Years Values From IPCC – “Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing “, Table 2.14.

What Do The HFC Manufactures Say?

Why Differentiate? Low impact alternatives are being sold into the market including: Inert gases (Introduced 1994 – 38% market share) Fluoroketones (Introduced 2004 – 19% market share) Water mist (Introduced early 1990’s – 5 % market share) The remaining 38% of the systems using HFCs for fire suppression could be phased out immediately without compromising life or property. HFCs used for fire suppression represent a small percentage of the total HFC Usage, but have a disproportionate climate impact because of their high GWP values.

Cost Estimates

Applications Replacing Halon 1301 with Novec 1230 Fluid

Industry Reference Telecommunications VerizonWireless Alltel Etsilat Saudi Telecom TimeWarner Telekom Malaysia Qatar Telcom Data & Control Rooms NBC Coca-Cola Dell IBM Malaysian Airlines US Capital Marine FIAT Indian Oil ONGC Museums Taipei National Historical Museum US Capital Archive Oil and Gas Alyeska (Alaska Pipeline) ARAMCO BP (British Petroleum) Kappa Ethanol Conoco Phillips Pharmaceuticals Sonofi-Aventis Hoffman-LaRoche Pizer Teva Wyeth Power Plants Alabama Power Hydro Quebec BC Hydro

Engineered & Pre-engineered System Cylinders D. O. T & T. C Engineered & Pre-engineered System Cylinders D.O.T & T.C. approved / TPED Cylinder Sizes Available Fill lbs 40 19 - 40 76 34 - 76 164 76 - 164 322 150 - 322 601 280 - 601 910 390 - 910

Cylinder Components Models: 40, 76, 164, 322, 601, 910 • Six Sizes Filled at Factory in   One lb. Increments • High Flow Rate Valve • Electric Solenoid Operation • Fill Check Valve • Vertical Mounting • Optional: -Manual Actuation -Liquid Level Indicator -Pressure Switch – Low Pressure & Operational

“True Retrofit System” Cylinder Replacement 1 to 1 Minimal or No Pipe Replacement Replacement of Nozzle System meets minimal Nozzle Pressure System does not exceed 10 sec. Discharge Time

Novec 1230 fluid 34.5 bar (500 psig) Replace Cylinder Nozzle Replacement

Novec 1230 to Halon Cylinder Exchange SEVO Replacement Cylinders (lbs) 1 to 1 Cylinder Change Existing Halon Cylinders (lbs) 910 = 400 601 300 322 150 164 75 76 30 40 20

TRUE RETROFIT SYSTEM Halon 1301 Retrofit with a FK-5-1-12 500 psi (34 TRUE RETROFIT SYSTEM Halon 1301 Retrofit with a FK-5-1-12 500 psi (34.5 bar) system 1-to-1 cylinder replacement (cylinder x2 big) 1-to-1 nozzle replacement Minimal down time 500 psi (34.5 bar) stored pressure allows for minimum nozzle pressure 73 psi (5 bar), 10 second discharge time New piping can allow for 80% longer pipe runs Must be installed according to FM/NFPA 2001

Distribution in all regions of the world SEVO World Wide Distribution in all regions of the world Asia Australia Central/South America Europe Middle East North America Towards the end of initial development of Novec 1230 in our systems, year and a half ago, we began devoping our SEVO Systems distributors. Today we have SEVO distributors in over 30 countries world wide. As well as a list that we have not had time to get to.

SEVO Systems 14824 West 107th Street Lenexa, KS 66215 USA Telephone: (913) 677-1112 Fax: (913) 384-5935 Email: info@sevosystems.com Web: www.sevosystems.com