HONESTY Honorable or upright conduct; without fraud or falsehood; with honest intention or by honest means; sincerely, fairly, frankly, without disguise. In sport, what is the general attitude toward honesty?

Honesty Are we coached to be honest? Or Dishonest? Or Neutral/Non- malificence? Covert actions in Sport: Are they honest?

Terms under honesty Lying, cheating, and stealing in the form of: Performance Enhancers..steroids, etc.. ErgogenicAids...Blood Doping, etc. Is it honest?

Justification of Honesty Weighing the greater values: Teleological: Deontological: Deontic: To the principle regardless of consequences Consequential: The greater amount of good based on consequences

Adverse Effects of Steroids, ACSM Position... Anabolic steroids are drugs that are similar to testosterone, the primary sex hormone in males. These steroids have approved medical uses, Encartia: Ben Johnson

Anabolics.. but many athletes use them in massive doses in hopes of increasing their muscular size, strength, and athletic performance. Non-athletes use anabolic steroids to improve their muscularity and appearance.

Effects Continued: These nonmedical uses of anabolic steroids constitute a type of drug abuse that has many potential adverse effects on health.

Effects... Some of the potential adverse effects of anabolic steroid abuse are life threatening but are quite rare. Most of the adverse effects of steroids are less severe risks to health but are often seen in athletes who abuse these drugs.

Statement: Finally, most of the adverse effects usually disappear after a few months of stopping steroid use, but some are permanent.

Infrequent, but Life Threatening *Liver Disorders Tumors, Including Cancer Blood-Filled Cysts (Peliosis Hepatitis) Blockage of Bile Ducts (Hepatic Cholestasis) *Kidney Tumors (Wilm's Tumor) *Cancer of the Prostate *Acute Psychosis

More Common but non life threatening... *Effects in Fetus of Pregnant Women Who Abuse Steroids- Inhibited Development of Female Embryo

Effect in children... Extreme Virilization Feminine Breast Development (Gynecomastia) in Both Sexes Premature Cessation of Bone Growth (Short Stature At Adulthood)

Effects in Adults Liver Damage (Release of Enzymes and Bilirubin From Liver to Blood) Increased Risk of Heart Disease (Lowered HDL-Cholesterol in Blood) Aggressive Behavior, Mood Swings, and Other Psychological Disturbance Acne

Other Effects in Women Irregularity or Cessation of the Menstrual Cycle Shrinkage of Breasts, Uterus Growth of Facial Hair, Thinning of Head Hair (Usually Irreversible) Enlargement of the Clitoris (Usually Irreversible) Deepening of the Voice (Usually Irreversible)

Other Effects in Men.. Decreases Circulating Reproductive Hormones Shrinkage of the Testicles Sterility for up to 7 Months After Cessation of Steroid Abuse Gynecomastia

Key Points 1) Anabolic steroids are drugs thought to have muscle building actions similar to those of testosterone, the chief male sex hormone. Athletes use these drugs in hopes of increasing lean body mass, muscular strength, power, and endurance.

Continued.. 2) Many, but not all, athletes who combine anabolic steroids with weight training will make greater gains in lean body weight and muscular strength than with weight training alone. There is no systematic evidence that anabolic steroids will improve running speed or endurance for prolonged athletic events.

Continued... 3) There are infrequent but life- threatening physical and mental side effects of anabolic steroid abuse in children and adults. Essentially all athletes who abuse steroids will experience one or more of the less severe adverse effects of these drugs, including disorders of sperm production or menstruation, acne, hair loss, and minor psychological disturbances.

HgH and other Performance Enhancers. 1. Human Growth Hormone 2. Monkey Testosterone 3. Equine Testosterone

Arguments for and Against Use: Paternalism Coercion Informed Consent and Role Models Pursuit of Excellence Enforced Testing

Drug Testing: The Pros and Cons… Drug testing…..Who does it and why… –Does it work? –Problems and dilemmas…

Arguments for Use.. Everybody else does it! If I want to, Why Not? I want to be the best!! Everybody else does it! If I want to, Why Not? I want to be the best!!

Erogenic Aids: 1. Caffeine 2. Cough Syrups 3. Nasal Sprays