Zero-Carbon Rural Home Development

 Mark Horgan – SAE  Mark Lewis – SAE  Grant MacGregor – SAE  Darren Tannock - SAE  Etienne Hentzen - ME

The Rural Development was chosen.  More freedoms of geometry  More challenging design owing to restrictions

 Information from brief: – family home for 4 (adults + children) – 4 bedrooms – home office (adults work from home) – 2 bathroom/toilet – net zero-energy home – Electric vehicle required – No gas grid access – Max grid demand 20kW

 Factors for making a net-zero home:  Building and room Geometry - Darren  Lighting and Ventilation - Etienne  Energy Systems - Mark  Demand Reduction – Other Mark  Renewable Energy Systems – Grant

 To help define the requirements of the building, environmental factors of the surrounding area were researched.  These environmental factors include:  Average daylight hours  Average wind speed & direction  Average temperature  Average rainfall

Location on peak of small crest. Landscape generally slopes downwards towards coastline to the WSW.

Average wind data taken at Prestwick Airport shows predominant wind direction is WSW, ranging generally between WNW and S. This is consistent with the location of the site relative to the Ayrshire coastline where the predominant Gulfstream blows in from.

Main Bathroom Bedroom 2Bedroom 3Bedroom 4W/C Master Bedroom OfficeKitchen / Living Area  Design of the house was predicated on these factors:  North & South orientation for maximum sunlight  Longer East & West than North & South  Bungalow design for disabled access and in keeping with surrounding farm houses  Split into ‘working zone’ and ‘living zone’

 South wall predominately glazed for maximum sunlight  Open plan living area and subtle design for better ventilation purposes  Generous room sizes  Roof structure – mono-pitch? Other adaptations?

 Ventilation standards required for:  Air quality (A,B,C)  Ventilation rate for Comfort (l/s)  Ventilation requirement for Health (l/s) Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) required for:  Bathrooms  Kitchen

 Artificial lighting should supplement natural lighting  Lighting Standards for Illumination requirement for each room  Possible lighting systems:  LED’s  Compact fluorescent lighting

Consideration given to:  Embodied Energy/ Carbon  Thermal properties  Conformity with building design  Secondary consideration - cost.

Structural Cladding

 Both Scots Pine and European Larch sourceable within Central Scotland

 Locally-sourced  Readily available (rural)  Negligible EE/EC  U-value= 0.2 W/m 2 K based on 350mm depth  Relatively simple to construct  Lime plaster coating

 Requirement to minimise glazing heat-loss  0.8 W/m 2 K U-value is within PassivHaus max standards value  Approx 70% sunlight transmission  Noise reduction not considered due to location

 Estimated annual electrical demand?  2700 kWh or 7-8 kWh per day.  However if electricity is also used to provide hot water, kWh.  Energy for space heating is by far the biggest demand.  For a desired reduction in CO 2, reducing the energy demand for space heating is necessary.

SOURCE ( great-britains-housing-energy-fact-file-2011.pdf) Of the total energy used in a family home, appliances use up to 12%. The average annual growth in appliances energy use was nearly 3% a year, although the annual rise appears to be slowing.

 Renewable Energy Systems can help supplement energy demand, reducing or eliminating draw from the grid.  Some systems researched:  Wind Power  Solar Power & thermal collectors  Ground Source Heat Pumps  Efficient water use within the home