Earthquakes and earthquake (or seismic) waves Pages 332-333, 338-341, 358-361.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Friday, March 23 nd 1 Attendance 2 Go over Review Sheet Test Pass Back papers.

Advertisements

Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake

Unit C Chapter 2 Section 2.3 Earthquakes. Causes of the Alaska Earthquake of 1964 This was the second largest earthquake that was ever recorded by a seismograph.

Seismic Wave Demonstrations and Animations L. Braile, Purdue University  Copyright L. Braile. Permission.

Seismic Wave Demonstrations and Animations L. Braile, Purdue University  Copyright L. Braile. Permission.

Making Waves: Seismic Waves Activities and Demonstrations Larry Braile, Purdue University web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile Sheryl Braile,

Seismic Wave Propagation

Three Worlds to Explore Look Up? (Astronomy) Look Down? (Geophysics) Look at Surface? (Geology)

Seismic Waves Types of Wave Propagation. Body Waves P & S Waves P and S waves are often called body waves because they propagate outward in all directions.

Seismic waves and the shadow zone.  Sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust and creates seismic waves. Occurs naturally or human induced.

Chapter 11 Earthquakes.

EARTHQUAKES. What is an Earthquake? Sudden movement in the Earth’s crust that releases energy as vibrations, or waves.vibrations, or waves Movement occurs.

Chapter 5: EARTHQUAKES &EARTH’S INTERIOR. Earthquakes & earthquake hazards Earthquake –Sudden release of energy Seismology –Scientific study of earthquakes.

Wave Type (and names) Particle MotionOther Characteristics P, Compressional, Primary, Longitudinal Dilatational Alternating compressions (“pushes”) and.

Seismic Wave Animations 1 Larry Braile, Purdue University web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile Last modified April 22, This PowerPoint.

Seismology: ●What is Seismology? ●What are Seismic Waves?: Types of Seismic waves ●Where do Earthquakes Happen? ●Why do Earthquakes Happen? ●How is the.

Ms. Scott.  Scientific study of earthquakes (the seismic waves they generate)  It is through this study that we have an understanding of what the interior.

Lecture 16 Earthquakes What are earthquakes? Elastic rebound theory Waves generated by earthquakes: P waves, S waves, Surface waves Locating earthquakes.

1 Earth Shattering POWERPOINT. 2 What is an earthquake? A sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along plate.

Chapter 8 Earthquakes.

Ch 15 Earthquakes I. Earthquake – the shaking of Earth’s crust caused by a release of energy; vibrations made from rocks breaking.

Seismicity & Earthquakes

Seismic Waves The source of an earthquake is called the focus and the epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. Seismic waves.

EARTHQUAKES: WHY? AND HOW?. EARTHQUAKES Caused by plate tectonic stresses sudden movement or shaking of the Earth Located at plate boundaries Resulting.

What is an Earthquake? Movement of the ground that occurs when rock inside the Earth pass their elastic limit, break suddenly, and experience elastic rebound.

Earthquakes. Earthquake Terms An earthquake is a trembling of the Earth caused by a sudden release of energy stored in subsurface rock units (on the Moon.

Earthquakes Chapter 19. Focus vs. Epicenter _________– where the rock breaks and seismic waves begin; can be at deep or shallow depths _________ – point.

How and where are earthquake waves detected and recorded? A seismograph is an instrument that records earthquake waves. It is also used to determine the.

Chapter 11 Earthquakes Study Guide.

1.) Energy released by an earthquake or explosion travel through the Earth’s interior as waves. 2.) There are 2 types a.) P-waves b.) S-waves 3.) These.

Mercalli Scale Crust Mantle Plate Tectonics P-wave S-wave focus epicenter seismograph Richter Scale Tsunami fault.

Earthquakes!. Seismic Waves General Info  Seismic waves are the energy released when rocks break along faults.  Focus = the point within the Earth’s.

Earthquakes On Shaky Ground. Earthquakes The shaking of the Earth’s surface Caused by faulting beneath the surface –Faults are when the rock splits and.

Earthquakes!. How does an earthquakes form?  Forces inside the earth put stress on the rocks near plate edges. Stress cause rocks to bend and stretch.

Earthquakes. By: Laura Barjarow Chapter 12.. Earthquakes A movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks.

Aim: What are Earthquakes and their characteristics? I. Earthquakes – any vibrating, shaking, or rapid motion of Earth’s crust. A. Fault – zone of weakness.

Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Earth Systems 3209 Unit: 4 The Forces Within Earth Reference: Chapters 4,

Earthquakes. All earthquakes start beneath Earth’s surface. Focus of an earthquake: the point underground where rocks first begin to move Epicenter: the.

Quiz answers 1: Compositional descriptions b)Mantle c)Crust 2: The mantle is made up primarily of: c)Olivine and Silicate minerals 3: The thickness of.

Ground Deformation: Faulting and Folding Earthquakes and Mountain- Building.

What is an earthquake? An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the Earth’s surface. For.

Do Now Describe the last earthquake you can remember. (location, strength, time of day, how it felt, etc.) Where do earthquakes occur? Why do earthquakes.

EARTHQUAKES. What is an Earthquake? Sudden movement in the earth’s crust which releases energy Movement occurs along areas of weakness in the earth’s.

Measuring Earthquakes

Earthquakes. Define earthquake Large vibrations that move through rock or other Earth materials Movement of the ground that occurs when rocks inside the.

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes  A) Seismographs - instruments that record earthquake waves.  B) Seismograms electronically recorded ground motion made by.

Earthquakes. Earthquakes Earthquakes are vibrations of the ground (violent shaking motions) created by the sudden release of energy accumulating in deformed.

 As you travel inside of Earth, the temperature _________________.

Earthquakes. earthquakes Earthquakes are natural vibrations of the ground caused by movement along gigantic fractures in Earth’s crust or by volcanic.

Students know how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media such as springs, ropes, and the Earth (seismic waves).

Chapter 12 Earthquakes.

Seismic Wave Propagation

Earthquakes Video:

Seismic Waves and the Earth’s Interior Structure

Earthquakes!!!.

MEE …. WAVE PROPAGATION IN SOLIDS

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Seismic Wave Propagation

What Is Seismology? Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the earth. A seismologist is a scientist who.

Making Waves: Seismic Waves Activities and Demonstrations

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes

Earthquakes and Earth’s Interior

THE STUDY OF EARTHQUAKES

Presentation transcript:

Earthquakes and earthquake (or seismic) waves Pages , ,

EARTHQUAKE: Vibrations caused by the sudden release of energy stored in the rocks (page 332) SEISMIC WAVES or EARTHQUAKE WAVES : Energy that moves through the earth because of an earthquake (page 332)

PROPERTIES OF WAVES In a uniform medium, a wave radiates outwards as concentric spheres at constant velocity Velocity of a wave depends on the nature of the medium When a wave passes from one medium to another, it refracts (bends) and/or reflects (page 358)

There are two broad groups of seismic waves (page 338) Body waves Can travel through the interior of the earth Surface waves Travel along the surface of the earth

Body waves are used to study the internal structure of the earth (pages ) Two different types of body waves (page 338) PRIMARY or COMPRESSIONAL waves (P-waves) SECONDARY or SHEAR waves (S-waves)

Compressional Wave (P-Wave) Animation Deformation propagates. Particle motion consists of alternating compression and dilation. Particle motion is parallel to the direction of propagation (longitudinal). Material returns to its original shape after wave passes.

Shear Wave (S-Wave) Animation Deformation propagates. Particle motion consists of alternating transverse motion. Particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of propagation (transverse). Transverse particle motion shown here is vertical but can be in any direction. However, Earth’s layers tend to cause mostly vertical (SV; in the vertical plane) or horizontal (SH) shear motions. Material returns to its original shape after wave passes.

P- waves travel faster through solids than through liquids P-waves are faster than S-waves Both P-and S- waves travel faster through denser material Only P-waves can travel through liquids

S-waves do not pass through the outer core Figure on page 359

P-waves can pass through parts of the core Figure on page 359

The instrument used to record an earthquake Seismograph (page 339) Seismogram The actual record of an earthquake

(Page 341) Seismograms record the AMPLITUDE (height of the peaks) of the seismic waves against TIME along the horizontal axis Amplitude

What is the maximum amplitude recorded on this seismogram?

RICHTER MAGNITUDE SCALE Specifies the amplitude of the largest ground motion generated by the earthquake at a seismograph station located 100 km from the epicenter

The amplitude can be measured directly from a seismogram (more quantitative) The scale is logarithmic (page 341) An increase of one magnitude on the Richter scale means approximately 30- fold increase in energy released (page 341) Characteristics of Richter Scale