19.2 – Seismic Waves & Earth’s Interior

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Presentation transcript:

19.2 – Seismic Waves & Earth’s Interior

Measuring Seismic Waves Seismometer = sensitive instruments that detect seismic waves Rotating drum covered with paper Pendulum with writing instrument attached Mass on pendulum and pen are at rest due to inertia When ground shakes, the pen registers it on paper Seismogram = record produced by seismometer

Seismometer

Travel-Time Curve Seismic waves are recorded at various facilities Seismologists construct graph showing arrival of waves

http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~juster/A3/travel%20time%20curve.jpg

Distance from epicenter Measure arrival of primary (P), secondary (S), and surface waves As distance increases, separation between waves increase Information is used to locate epicenter

Clues to Earth’s Interior Seismic waves help give information about Earth’s interior Seismic waves change speed and direction at boundaries between different materials Through mantle P and S waves follow direct paths When P waves strike Earth’s core they refract (bend)

By creating Travel-time curves and path of each wave, seismologist learn about difference in density and composition S waves do not travel through liquid, which means they do not travel through core Means Earth’s core is at least partially liquid

Earth’s composition Waves can also change speed http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/peridotite.jpg Earth’s composition Waves can also change speed Speed tells scientists thickness and composition of Earth’s different regions Upper mantle = peridotite Outer core = mostly liquid iron and nickel Inner core = mostly solid iron and nickel

http://images. encarta. msn http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T629167A.gif

In-Class Assignment/Homework