CHAPTER SEVENTEEN The Transformation of the West: World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change III. The West by 1750

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 The Italian Renaissance – 14 th -15 th C Italy -Urbanized -Highly developed merchant class -Political rivalry Francesco Petrarch ( ) Boccaccio -Secular topics in writing Nicolo Machiavelli – realism – gain & seize power Humanism Looking back to classical past – Greek texts Painting - Leonardo da Vinci -Use of perspective -Shadow, distance -Focus on humans Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Northern European Renaissance -France, Low Countries, England, Germany, eastern Europe -More concerned with religious matters -William Shakespeare -Miguel de Cervantes Changes in Technology and Family Technology – printing press Family -later marriage age common -nuclear family common What was the key difference between the Italian and No. European Renaissance? What was the most significant result of the invention of printing press?

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 The Protestant and Catholic Reformations Martin Luther – 95 Thesis Attacks church institutions Bible the only authority; need for vernacular translations Protestant protest used for political gain German opposition to the papacy Rulers seize church lands England – Henry VIII Establishes Anglican church Jean Calvin Calvinism - Predestination Catholic Reformation Renewal - Jesuits Missionaries - education What were the most significant results of the Reformation? What was the response of the Catholic Church to Henry VIII actions? Draw the doctrine of predestination. What were the goals of the Jesuits?

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 The End of Christian Unity in the West Religious Wars France - Calvinists v. Catholics 1598, Edict of Nantes – tolerance for Protestants (Huguenots) 30 Years War ( ) Devastating to Germany Netherlands win independence from Spain Literacy increases – reading Bible The Commercial Revolution Inflation - 16th century Supply & Demand increased Social Protest Movements Proletariat develops Attitudes towards poor change Protests & witchcraft hysteria Make a connection between the Edict of Nantes and a current day law. What caused the Commercial Revolution? Draw a symbol that would represent the proletariat.

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Science and Politics Nicolai Copernicus - Did Copernicus Copy? Polish monk Knowledge of work of al-Urdi, al-Tusi? (Earlier Arab scientists) Science: The New Authority New instruments add to data collection Galileo Galilei - Uses Copernicus' work Kepler’s observations confirm earlier work William Harvey discovers circulatory system Francis Bacon Empirical research René Descartes Skepticism Isaac Newton System of natural laws Deism - God does not intervene with the affairs of the earth John Locke - use of reason to create political system What were the political results of the work of Copernicus & Galileo? Draw the sun/earth rotation theory of the Scientific Revolution. What is the significance of Deism?

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Western Europe under Absolute Monarchies

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies – 17 th C -France dominates -Centralized monarchy -Bureaucracy -“Absolute monarchy“ – power comes from God – no one questions -Louis XIV -Nobles kept at court – not able to challenge authority of monarch -Spain, Prussia, Austria-Hungary -Territorial expansion – religious wars England – different -Civil War -Oliver Cromwell -Parliament -Magna Carta The formation of Nation-States Common language, culture, national literature, songs, foods Territorial aspect Common allegiance; development of ethnocentrism How were the French and British monarchs different? Any similarities? Why was the rise of the nation-state so revolutionary?

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 The West by 1750 – political changes in central Europe -Frederick the Great of Prussia Religious freedom State regulates economy Overseas commercial networks -Continual warfare France v. Britain Rivalry over overseas territory Prussia v. Austria Territorial conflicts

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Enlightenment Thought -Scientific Revolution leads to Enlightenment -Scientific inquiry methods applied to other fields General principles of Enlightenment *People are good *Use reason to find “truth” /make decisions *Belief in progress Political science Adam Smith – “Wealth of Nations” Laissez-faire economic theory Criminology – Becarria – innocent until proven guilty Society and Popular Culture Women's rights Protection of children Attack inequities

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 The West by Change in Commerce & Manufacturing -Mass consumerism- mass production of goods -Agriculture Nitrogen-fixing crops Stockbreeding – enhance features of livestock that are most desirable Swamp drainage – more land available for farming Potatoes & other crops from New World introduced -Domestic economic system Households (women & children) produce finished goods (no factories yet) **Change becomes the norm – people come to accept change will bring both innovation and instability What is the overall result of the Scientific Revolution, the Commercial Revolution, and the Enlightenment?