(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Changes in Radiative Forcing Primary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing Part I Stautzebach Elena.

Advertisements

What are aerosols ? Aerosol is a collection of particles suspended in the air, they range in size from 0.01 microns to several tens of microns.

Climate Change. Climate change: Changes in many climatic factors. Global warming: The rise in global temperatures.

Aerosols and climate Rob Wood, Atmospheric Sciences.

MET 12 Global Climate Change – Lecture 8

The Role of Aerosols in Climate Change Eleanor J. Highwood Department of Meteorology, With thanks to all the IPCC scientists, Keith Shine (Reading) and.

4.4 Climate Change.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT Climate Change. Greenhouse Effect Is a natural process that permits the Earth to retain some of the heat from the sun. Gases in the.

Greenhouse Effect: The heating of the surface of the earth due to the presence of an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation.

Radiation’s Role in Anthropogenic Climate Change AOS 340.

The Greenhouse Effect Presenters: Jaime Pinto & Nathalie Mokuba

1 THE CARBON CYCLE AND GLOBAL WARMING. 2 CARBON CYCLE Movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and geosphere Movement of carbon between.

Topic 6: Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect

R21 Global Warming & Greenhouse Effect Prior Knowledge: What do you know about Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming?

Green House Effect vs. Global Warming By; Shane Jones.

What do Greenhouse Gases Do? Kevin Czajkowski University of Toledo

Earth Science Chapter 11.2 Climate Change.

The Greenhouse effect Is a natural process necessary for sustaining life on earth Is a natural process necessary for sustaining life on earth Is produced.

Environment… I.The circumstances or conditions that surround one; surroundings. II.The totality of circumstances surrounding an organism or a group of.

Climate Forcing and Feedback

The Greenhouse Effect A quick review. The Greenhouse Effect A natural process that keeps the surface of the earth at a habitable temperature. A natural.

The Greenhouse Effect A hot topic…. Energy that drives the Greenhouse Effect starts as solar energy from the sun. The shortwave thermal energy reaches.

I. I.Climate Change – Greenhouse Gases A. A.Background Greenhouse Effect Gases absorb heat Natural Greenhouse Effect Mean planetary temperature = 15 o.

Environmental Science Chapter 7 Notes #2. Green House Effect The atmosphere acts like the glass in a greenhouse Sun streams in and heats the Earth The.

Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming Greenhouse Effect Key Factors Earth-Sun Temperature Differences Greenhouse Gas Concentrations The atmosphere is.

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Biogeochemistry & Climate Primary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter.

Understanding the Greenhouse Effect The Impact of the Greenhouse gases on the Earth.

6 Warm up Wrap up 7 4, 6 Warm up Wrap up 1,3,7 Greenhouse effect.

13-3 Climate Change Page 339. Picture it…….. Have you ever sat in a car…….. ……….on a hot day……. ……..like todaaaaayyyyy….. 8{ Windows are up, heat is trapped….

Climate Change Pre-Quiz 1.What is the “greenhouse effect”? 2.What are examples of greenhouse gases? 3.Is climate change natural or human- made? How do.

Climate Literacy Session: Causes Peter Coombe August 5, 2015.

Carbon Dioxide CO 2 RF = 1.66 W/m 2. Methane CH 4 RF = 0.48 W/m 2.

1 MET 112 Global Climate Change MET 112 Global Climate Change - Lecture 11 Radiative Forcing Eugene Cordero San Jose State University Outline  GHG/Aerosols.

1 Radiative Forcing The balance between incoming solar radiation and heat radiation leaving the atmosphere.

MonthDayLectureActivityChap. Nov.21Ecosystems IIServices56 26Global C cycle56 Dec.3Thinking ecologically I 5Thinking ecologically II Eco. literacy 10Exam.

TOPIC 6: GLOBAL WARMING AND GREENHOUSE EFFECT. Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration from 1880 to present.

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT 6.E.2A.2. What is a green house? A greenhouse is made of glass. It traps the Sun's energy inside and keeps the plants warm, even.

Aerosols and climate - a crash course Marianne T. Lund CICERO Nove Mesto 17/9-15.

I. I.Climate Change – Greenhouse Gases A. A.Background Greenhouse Effect Gases absorb heat (not light) Natural Greenhouse Effect Mean planetary temperature.

Greenhouse Gases Current Weather Anthropogenic Influences on Climate Why are Greenhouse Gases Important? Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Radiative.

The Greenhouse effect Is a natural process necessary for sustaining life on earth Is a natural process necessary for sustaining life on earth Is produced.

Earth and sky, woods and fields, lakes and rivers, the mountain and the sea, are excellent schoolmasters, and teach some of us more than we can ever learn.

Not all gases have the same behavior Some gases are greenhouse gases. Most of the gases in the atmosphere do not absorb long wave radiation.

The Green House Effect ISCI (1). The fate of solar radiation – 26% reflected back into space 20% clouds; 6% by atmosphere – 19% absorbed by clouds,

LO: To be able to interpret graphs to explain if the climate is changing To be able to construct a diagram to show the greenhouse effect To explain the.

By Kathryn Boit.  an increase in the earth's atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect.

Climate Change -a change in a region’s climate. -Anthropogenic climate change – a change in a region’s climate that is primarily caused by human activity.

Warmup What are three natural ways in which climate changes? What timescale do these processes generally occur?

The Greenhouse Effect. Natural heating of earth’s surface caused by greenhouse gases –CO 2 (Carbon Dioxide) –CH 3 (Methane) –N 2 O (Nitrous Oxide) –H.

Aim: How do increased carbon dioxide concentrations on our planet affect life?

Atmospheric gases allow sunshine to pass through but absorb heat that is radiated back from the surface of the earth. This acts as a blanket keeping heat.

The Greenhouse Effect The sun emits solar radiation which the Earth absorbs (UV rays). The Earth emits its own energy (heat waves called infrared rays)

Anthropogenic Influences on Climate

Principles of the Global Climate System

Principles of the Global Climate System II

Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

Global Climate Change Video

GREEN HOUSE GASES & Global warming

Chapter 19 Global Change.

Topic 6: Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect

Earth Science Chapter 11.2 Climate Change.

Sara Parr Kellogg Biological Station

Short-lived gases Carbon monoxide (CO) RF = Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) (benzene, ethanol, etc) RF = Nitrous oxides (NOx)

Climate Change CH 19.

Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change

Radiation Energy from the sun

Anthropogenic Influences on Climate

Human Impacts on Climate Change

Wind scale. Wind scale Global warming - increased surface temperature due to natural and man-made causes. But……what’s the problem? Questions: 1)

Presentation transcript:

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Changes in Radiative Forcing Primary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 2 - Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Key Findings 1.Extremely likely (> 95%) that humans have exerted a substantial warming influence on climate since Likely (> 66%) that the human influence by radiative forcing is at least 5 times greater than solar influence since Exceptionally unlikely (< 1%) that solar + volcanic radiative forcing for was comparable to anthropogenic radiative forcing.

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Major Types of Radiative Forcings Changes in … Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases Aerosols (particles) Aerosols (particles) Surface albedo Surface albedo Contrails Contrails Solar variability Solar variability Volcanic activity Volcanic activity

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Radiative Forcing: Balanced State Radiative Balance Radiative-Dynamic Balance

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Radiative Forcing Change in net radiative energy flux at the tropopause with … Change in net radiative energy flux at the tropopause with … (a) stratospheric temperatures readjusted to radiative equilibrium (b) surface and tropospheric temperatures and state held fixed at original values (Ramaswamy et al., 2001)

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Pre-industrial: ~ 280 ppm Sources: 1.Fossil fuels 2.Cement production 3. Deforestation 4. Biomass burning

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) CO 2 Emissions 13 C/ 12 C: Atmosphere > Terrestrial Sources O 2  as CO 2  : - Combustion - Plant respiration/photosynthesis

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Methane (CH 4 ) NOAA Global Monitoring Division (GMD) Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiments (AGAGE) Sources: 1.Biogenic: -Wetlands -Rice -Biomass burning -Ruminants 2.Fossil fuel mining and distribution 3. Living vegetation? Mt. Pinatubo? Economic Incentives? Warm 1998?

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) Sources: 1.Coastal areas: -continental shelves - estuaries - rivers 2.Land processes

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Halocarbons Small amounts, but effective absorbers of infrared radiation Factors: 1.Industrial processes 2.Partly regulated by Montreal Protocol

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Other Gases Stratospheric Ozone Stratospheric Ozone Tropospheric Ozone Tropospheric Ozone Stratospheric Water Vapor Stratospheric Water Vapor

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Aerosol Effects

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Aerosol Types Sulphate Sulphate Organic Carbon from Fossil Fuels Organic Carbon from Fossil Fuels Black Carbon from Fossil Fuels Black Carbon from Fossil Fuels Biomass Burning Biomass Burning Nitrate Nitrate Mineral Dust Mineral Dust

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Aerosol Distributions Biomass Burning Optical Depth ~ Radiative “Thickness” White = measurement not possible Mineral Dust Industrial Sea Salt

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Land Use Changes Albedo Differences Forest < Cropland Snow-covered forest < Snow-covered cropland

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Other Surface Effects Black Carbon on Snow/Ice Black Carbon on Snow/Ice Land-Use Changes on Surface Fluxes Land-Use Changes on Surface Fluxes Anthropogenic Water Vapor Release Anthropogenic Water Vapor Release Anthropogenic Energy Release Anthropogenic Energy Release CO 2 Influence on Plant Physiology CO 2 Influence on Plant Physiology

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Solar Heating: Change Variability due to 1. Changes in sunspots and faculae 2. Changes in solar diameter?

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Reconstructed Solar Heating

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Volcanic Aerosols

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Time Evolution of Forcing (Representative GCM)

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) Net RF: 1750 to 2005

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Radiative Forcing (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 2) END Changes in Radiative Forcing