Society and Economy in Early Modern Europe

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Objectives Explain how European exploration led to the Columbian Exchange. Analyze the commercial revolution. Understand the impact of mercantilism on.
Advertisements

+ Changes in Europe Chapter 3 Section 5 pp.. + Vocab Inflation-economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount.
Demographic Trends in European History
The Commercial Revolution
18 th Century Social and Economic Change The Dawn of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions.
Industrial Revolution
The Commercial Revolution. Europe’s Economy Nation = basic economic unit Nations competed for markets and trade goods New business methods needed: –Investing.
Industrialization to Imperialism Project Objectives – Understand how the development of Industrialization of the 1600 and 1700s leads to Imperialism in.
Effects of Global Contact A presentation by Zachary Blair.
Changing Ways of Life. The Age of Exploration brought far reaching changes to global cultures. Overseas trades and the conquest of empires expanded Europe’s.
Effects of Global Contact
The Economics of the Commercial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution. What is it? ► Major change in the way goods are produced in the late 18 th century through the 19 th century.  Hand production.
European Commercial Revolution 1. Essential Question  How did Mercantilism help to create a better environment for Free Enterprise? 2.
 THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION roots in the middle ages population growth “price revolution” states sought to increase economic power rise in capitalism.
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution By: Allyson Gallegos. What factors led to the Industrial Revolution?
Industrial Revolution: Causes and Effects
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Effects of Global Contact.
The Columbian Exchange
Economic Systems Mercantilism Early Capitalists Etc.
World History and Cultures. Columbian Exchange In 1493, Christopher Columbus came back to Spain after his first cross Atlantic Trip with a number of.
Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 1 Chapter 24 The Transformation of Europe The Scientific.
Atlantic Slave Trade, Commercial Revolution, and Exploration: Big Picture Age of Exploration.
The Industrial Revolution 1750s – 1914 By: Stephen Hong.
Population Growth and Urbanization
The Columbian Exchange and the Global Economy. Columbian Exchange Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during colonization Corn and potato helped.
feudal system dominated Europe Serfs paid tribute to lords in exchange for protection C13th onwards, rental agreements replaced feudalism.
The Commercial Revolution
Age of Exploration Major Generalizations A.Exploration B.Commercial Revolution.
The Birth of Modern Industrial Society in Europe
Chapter 20: Science and Exploration. What is the Scientific Revolution? What is the Age of Exploration?
The Growth of the Cottage Industry & Building the Atlantic Economy
Competing Philosophies of the Industrial Revolution.
The World Economy Early Modern World CE Early Modern World CE.
Multiple Choice Practice
Chapter 15 Part 7 The Commercial Revolution
1700s Economic Structure Changes before the French Revolution.
New Patterns of Trade Objective: Discuss and analyze the creation of colonies in the Americas and elsewhere and how this led to the exchange of new types.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Effects of Global Contact.
EUROPE OF THE 18 TH CENTURY. SOCIETY OF THE 18 TH CENTURY.
The Commercial Revolution
The Commercial Revolution (c ). Causes Roots were in the Middle Ages (e.g. Hanseatic League, a commercial and defensive confederation along.
The Industrial Revolution
Age of Exploration – Mercantilism Export 1. Export 2. Import 2. Import 3. Mercantilism 3. Mercantilism 4. Capitalism 4. Capitalism 5. Market Economy.
The Open-Field System The open-field system was the great accomplishment of medieval agriculture. Three field rotations helped keep fields fertile. Traditional.
15.5: Effects of Global Contact. The Columbian Exchange Explorers of the 1500s-1600s = paved the way for a world dominated by Europeans The Colombian.
European Expansion and Business Notebook # 6 Analyze the beginnings of capitalism, and the ways it was affected by mercantilism, the developing market.
European Expansion and Business Standard and
The Commercial Revolution & The Dutch Golden Age
European Expansion and Business
Chapter 23 INDUSTRIALIZATION & NATIONALISM
Pre-Industrial Conditions
Economics Social History
The Industrial Revolution
European Exploration the Age of Discovery
New Global Connections ( )
New Global Connections ( )
The Industrial Revolution
Chap 24 Day 3- Aim: How does intellectual developments transform Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries?
The Commercial Revolution
Big Idea 1: A variety of factors led to the rise of industrial production.
The Commercial Revolution
Warm Up – March 21 Answer the following questions on a post it:
An Introduction to European Exploration & Expansion
Chap 23 Day 3- Aim: How does intellectual developments transform Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries?
Effects of Global Contact
Economic “-ism” Introduction
Effects of Global Contact
Effects of Global Contact
Presentation transcript:

Society and Economy in Early Modern Europe 1450-1750

POPULATION GROWTH American foods improved European nutrition and diets. Increased resistance to epidemics after 1650s. Life spans increased. Infant deaths decrease. European population increased. 81 million in 1500 to 180 million in 1800. Urbanization Rapid growth of major cities: Paris from 130,000 in 1550 to 500,000 in 1650. Cities increasingly important as administrative and commercial centers. Most dramatic in Ireland, England, Poland, France, and Netherlands.

EARLY CAPITALISM Profits and ethics Early capitalism Medieval theologians considered profit making to be selfish and sinful. Renaissance merchants supported changes and arts becoming influential in society. Protestant Reformation saw profit, success as signs of God’s favor Early capitalism Led to increased influence for urban middle classes. Altered rural society. Improved material standards. Increased independence of rural workers. Capitalism generated deep social strains. Bandits, muggers, and witch-hunting. Began to impoverish urban workers.

EARLY CAPITALISM The Price Revolution Use of money replaced barter. Imports of gold and/or silver led to trade imbalances. Mercantilism demanded payments in gold and/or silver. Spain and Portugal did not support manufacturing. Both countries had to import goods. Too much money chasing, too few goods. Inflation resulted. Peasants and aristocrats. On fixed incomes. Payments from good economies suffered. Inflation drove real wages down.

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION The nature of capitalism Private parties sought to take advantage of free market conditions. Economic decisions by private parties, not by governments or nobility. Forces of supply and demand determined price. New managerial skills and banking arrangements arose. Supply and demand Merchants built efficient transportation and communication networks. New institutions and services: Banks, insurance, and stock exchanges. Joint-stock companies Dutch East Indies and English East/West Indies Companies. Organized commerce on a new scale. Authorized to explore, conquer, and colonize distant lands.

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION Rise of Manufacturing Colonial markets, population stimulated manufacturing Putting-out system of 17th and 18th centuries Entrepreneurs bypassed guilds Moved production to countryside Rural labor cheap, cloth production highly profitable Capitalism actively supported by governments Especially in England and Netherlands Chartered joint-stock companies Protected property, upheld contracts, settled disputes Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations Considered the founding father of capitalism Society would prosper as individuals pursued their own interests States were to support private interests, free trade

MORE CHANGES Mass Culture Arises Agriculture changes Use of some luxuries becomes common. Rise of leisure time even for poorer people. Rise of professional entertainment. Immigration by commoners to colonies. Agriculture changes New technologies applied to farming. Draining swamps, animal breeding. New tools to increase productivity. Introduction of new world crops. Example: potato

MORE CHANGES Manufacturing New Social Classes Mass produced items common. Examples: textiles and metal products Capitalism stimulates production as profitable. New jobs caused people to move into manufacturing from agriculture. New Social Classes Rise of entrepreneurial class with great wealth. Rise of a technological managerial class.

SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL PROTEST Rise of urban and rural working class. Referred to as proletariat. Paid low wages in horrible conditions. At mercy of price revolutions. Many peasants reduced to paid wages. Social Tensions Peasant revolts especially during Reformation. In France and Germany rose against landlords. Many sought more radical forms of Protestantism. Urban citizens also tended towards Protestantism. Persecution of witches.

SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL PROTEST Elite and Mass Culture Prior to Reformation, there were two cultures. Elite and Common. Two rarely intermixed or cooperated. Mass culture such as entertainment. Faith often became elite culture. The nuclear family strengthened by capitalism Families more independent economically, socially, and emotionally Love between men and women. Parents and children became more important.

GENDER ISSUES Renaissance saw expansion of women’s rights. Books written for women. Education of women allowed. Women could enter public arenas as intellectuals. Reformation took back many of the rights. Many reformers were women. Many threatened males traditional roles. Protestants emphasized family role of women.. Witch-hunts in Europe. Theories and fears of witches intensified in 16th century. Reformation fed hysteria about witches and devil worship. About 60,000 executed. 95 percent of them women.

GENDER ISSUES Commercial and Capitalist Revolution Education and Women Women needed often to support family by outside work. Many women merchants very successful. Women assumed new economic roles. Education and Women Education was one of few avenues open to women. Aristocratic women often educated. Enlightenment saw first major victories for women’s rights. Women ran intellectual salons of France. Many very prominent as philosophers. Some few feminists appeared.