How are you at taking notes? Is it easy for you to figure out what to write down? Why or why not?

1. Puritan/Colonial ( ) 2. Revolutionary/Age of Reason ( ) 3. Romanticism ( ) 4. American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism ( ) 5. Realism/Naturalism ( ) 6. Modernism ( ) 7. Post-Modernism (1946-Present) 8. Contemporary (1970s-Present)

- What & when (in the title on each slide) - Genre & Style (What was written & how it was written) - Effects & Aspects (Why it was written in the first place) - Historical Context (What was happening in the world at the time) - Who some of the major players are (names & pictures at the end of each section)

Genre/Style: Sermons, religious tracts, diaries, personal narratives, religious poems. It was written in plain style. Effect/Aspects: Instructive, reinforces authority of the Bible and the church. Very little imaginative literature was produced. Historical Context: Puritan settlers fled England where they were being persecuted for their religious beliefs, and came to New England to have religious freedom.

 Thomas Hariot  wrote A Brief and True Report of the New- Found Land of Virginia in 1588  quickly translated into Latin, French, and German; it was a window for the Old World to see an embellished version of the New World  Anne Bradstreet  first book of American poetry  first published American woman  born & educated in England

 Cotton Mather  Comes from a long line of Puritan ministers  Harvard educated  major participant in the Salem Witch Trials  William Bradford  governor of Plymouth  essentially the first historian of the new colonies  wrote Of Plymouth Plantation in 1651.

Genre/Style: Political Pamphlets, Travel Writing, and highly ornate persuasive writing. Effect/Aspects: Patriotism and pride grows, creates unity about issues, and creates American character. Historical Context: Encouraged Revolutionary War support.

 Benjamin Franklin  scientist, writer, diplomat, Founding Father  Explored all new avenues of thought  Thomas Paine  great American propagandist  Common Sense; presented argument for American freedom  The American Crisis; helped propel colonies into war

Genre/Style: Character Sketches, Slave Narratives, Poetry, and short stories. Effect/Aspects: Integrity of nature and freedom of imagination. Historical Context: Publishing expands and industrial revolution brings new ideas.

 Washington Irving  known as “Father of American Literature”  first famous American author  Advocated for stronger laws protecting authors’ works  Edgar Allan Poe  Bad childhood made him despise the world  Darkly metaphysical vision  Refined the short story  Created detective fiction  Challenged notion that poem had to be long & teach something

Genre/Style: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels. Effect/Aspects: Idealists, individualism, and symbolism. Historical Context: People still see stories of persecuted young girls forced apart from her true love.

 Ralph Waldo Emerson  Leader of the Transcendentalist movement  Emphasized individuality, freedom, and relationship of the soul to the world  Henry David Thoreau  contemporary of Emerson  wrote Civil Disobedience, argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.

 Nathaniel Hawthorne  most stories written about New England  Focus on inherent evil and sin in man  Usually have a deep moral message  writes in direct opposition to Transcendentalists

Genre/Style: Novels, Short Stories, Objective Narrator, and does not tell reader how to interpret the story. Effect/Aspects: Social and Aesthetic realism. Historical Context: Civil War brought demand for a more true type of literature.

 Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)  writes in strong, realistic everyday speech  first major author to come from center of the nation

Genre/Style: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels Effect/Aspects: people are victims of the laws of nature, the universe, and fate Historical Context: tied very closely to Realism; people were looking at harshness of post-Civil War country

 Jack London  poor working class writer  Gritty, vivid stories of life and death struggles  Stephen Crane  known for attacking patriotism, organized religion, and individualism  also confronted the meaninglessness of the world

Genre/Style: Novels, Plays, Poetry, experiments in writing styles, interior monologue, and stream of consciousness. Effect/Aspects: Pursuit of American Dream, Admiration for America, Optimism, and Individual Importance. Historical Context: Writers reflected the ideas of Darwin and Karl Marx, during WWI and WWII.

 Ernest Hemingway  used concise, spare, direct, objective writing to create bigger-than-life heroes  won Pulitzer and Nobel Peace Prize for Literature  John Steinbeck  wrote about both pains and joys of life  most writing took place during the Great Depression  famous for The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men

Genre/Style: Mixing of fantasy with nonfiction blurred lines of reality for reader, there were no heroes, humorless, narratives, present tense, and magic realism. Effect/Aspects: Grinds down the distinctions between the classes of people. Historical Context: After WWII prosperity.

 Robert Creely  Black Mountain Poet  writes with a very minimalist style  James Dickey  novelist, essayist, poet  Most writing is about nature

Argument over dates – 1950 or 1970-present Genre/Style: Narrative, fiction, nonfiction, anti heroes, emotional, irony, storytelling, autobiographical, and essays. Effect/Aspects: Shift in emphasis from homogeneity to celebrating diversity. Historical Context: New century, new millennium.

Stephen King  famous for books that scare people  lives in Maine  was rejected by publishers 30 times before 1 st book published (Carrie, 1974)

James Oliver Rigney (a.k.a. Robert Jordan)  went to Citadel Military College in South Carolina  wrote in fantasy genre  died before finishing 15-book Wheel of Time series