3.3 EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS Big Idea: China developed unique philosophies, political theories, and products

Geography of China Rivers and Mountains – a. Huange He (yellow) River Loess (yellow soil deposits) Flooding – b. Chang Jiang (Yangtze) river. d. mountains – Himalaya Mountains Desert – Gobi Desert – Plateau of Tibet Climate – Varies from region to region

Shang Dynasty 1750 B.C B.C Xia (SHYAh) dynasty- beginning of Chinese civilization Replaced by Shang. – Farming society – ruled by aristocracy. – Aristocracy- upper class based on land Landowners Warlords-governed provinces – Anyang was capital. – Alcoholism – last ruler = Shang Dynasty falls Religion – Polytheistic (many Gods) – God’s helped ruler Oracle bones – Human sacrifice Servants buried with ruler – After life Objects from this life for next. – Veneration (respect) ancestors Advancements – Bronze – Writing – Calligraphy, Ideographs

Zhou Dynasty 1045B.C-256B.C Kept Shang political system – Zhou king-head of gov. – Aristocracy controlled providences Capital Xi’an Mandate of Heaven – King linked Btw heaven & earth ( rule according to proper way “Dao” – Dynastic cycles Zhou replaced by Qin dynasty Social Structure – Lords own land / control merchants/ peasants work land – Filial Piety- everyone in family has their own place. subordinate to male head of household Advancements – Irrigation /iron plow – Pictographs &Ideographs 3 schools of thought – Confucianism – Daoism – Legalism

Confucianism Founder Confucius Duty and humanity Governed by 5 Relationships – Ruler - subject – Father -son- filial piety – Husband - wife – Elder -younger – Friend - friend Analects – books of Confucian teachings Moral Example – King followed path of goodness Believed that government service should be based on merit and talent-not birth right.

Daoism/Taoism Founded by Laozi The Way of the Dao-book of Daoism Live in harmony with nature – Inaction vs. Action-don’t change universe – Yin Yang –female balanced with male Best government is one that governs least.

Legalism Founder- Hanfeizi School of Law-teachings of legalism Social order- Harsh rule – Strict punishment – Impersonal Laws Evil By nature – People not capable of being good – Ruler-no compassion

Section 3-3 Review What was the ancient Chinese dynasty in from 1750 to 1045 B.C.? Shang Chinese script used pictographs, which were? Symbols or characters representing an object Zhou dynasty claim to rulership? Mandate of Heaven

Section 3-3 Review The Legalists believed that a strong ruler was needed to what? Keep order What was the duty of family members to male head? Filial piety Confucianism encouraged the idea of what? Duty and humanity

Section 3-3 Review Who was the “Master Kung” or First Teacher? Confucius Harmony with nature and the universal order are beliefs of what? Daoism What is the system of ideas based on Laozi’s teachings? Daoism

Section 3-3 Review The crossbow, silk cloth, and iron plows were used where? Ancient China