CH. 11.1

 Formed in 1882  Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy  Ottoman Empire joins in 1914

 Entente- Friendly agreement between nations (not a full alliance)  Forms in 1893 between Russia and France  Britain signs an entente with France in 1904

 Archduke Franz Ferdinand takes a trip to Bosnia  Visit angers Serbian Nationalists

 The Black Hand (a Serbian terrorist group) vow to take action  On June 28 th 1914 Ferdinand and his wife are slain by Gavrilo Princip

 Francis Joseph leader of Austria- Hungary was reluctant to start a war  His government advisors wanted to enter a conflict  Kaiser Wilhelm II (leader of Germany) wrote t0 Joseph advising a firm stance ▪ Germany gives Austria-Hungary a “blank check”

 Austria-Hungary sent an ultimatum to Serbia  It entailed:  Serbia ending all anti-Austrian activities  Punish any Serbian officials involved in the assassination  Allow Austria to conduct their own investigation

 Serbia’s response  Serbia agrees to all of the conditions except one.  “A-H” declares war on Serbia July 28, 1914.

 Russia & France back Serbia  Serbia enlists the help of its ally, Russia ▪ which brought France along with it into the war.  Germany Invades Belgium  Schlieffen Plan ▪ Created to avoid fighting a “two front war” ▪ Goal was to crush France's army (by marching through neutral Belgium) then moved east to face Russia ▪ Britain (& other European powers) guaranteed Belgium neutrality

Alliances React