World War I

Objectives Content: Differentiate between the long term and immediate causes of World War I. Learning: List the 4 MAIN causes of World War I.

Underlying Causes of WWI There were 4 MAIN causes of WWI. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Militarism Why did it happen? What is it? Building up armed forces to get ready for war Why did it happen? Need for security leads to an arms race.

Alliances What is it? Why did it happen? Agreements or promises to defend and help another country Why did it happen? Concern about possible war.

The Alliances Allied Powers Central Powers France Bulgaria United States Russia Belgium British Empire Serbia Bulgaria Austro-Hungarian Empire German Empire Ottoman Empire

Trick to Remember Alliances in WWI FURBBS BAG of “O”’s FURBBS = Allies BAG of “O”s = Central Powers

Imperialism What is it? Why did it happen? Trying to build up an empire by physically and economically controlling other countries Why did it happen? Believed stronger countries own more land.

Nationalism What is it? Why did it happen? Having pride in your country and being willing to defend it Why did it happen? People all thought their country was the best and wanted to prove it!

Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI) Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia. Serbia wanted independence.

Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI) Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary He was assassinated in June 1914 by a Serbian nationalist while on an official visit to Bosnia.

Warm Up Read through Document A: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #1. Answer Question #1 on Guiding Questions.

Objectives Content: Create a WWI propaganda poster. Learning: Explain 4 reasons the United States entered WWI.

U.S. Expansionism Spanish American War ended the U.S. policy of Isolationism (1898) Result of Spanish American War = the U.S. emerges as a world power

U.S. Expansionism WWI ended the U.S. policy of avoiding European conflicts (1914-1918) WWI = the U.S. emerges as a global superpower

American Neutrality Is Over Up to 1917, the US opposed war. Woodrow Wilson was re-elected as President with the slogan: “He kept us out of war!” But that was all about to change!

Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI US inability to remain neutral United States economic and political ties to Great Britain

Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI 3. German submarine warfare: In 1915 they sank the Lusitania (1000 people died, 128 were Americans) 4. The Zimmerman Telegram

Zimmerman Telegram The Zimmerman Telegram – was a secret message from Germany to Mexico that the British intercepted (January 1917). The message said that if Mexico helped Germany invade and defeat the US, than Germany would help them get back all the land they lost in the Mexican American War (1848) Americans were angry and wanted to go to war.

U.S. Entry into WWI Read Document B: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #2. Answer remaining Guiding Questions.

America Enters the War April 6, 1917- President Wilson and Congress declare war! More than 2 million Americans entered the military to fight in WWI. http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm

Homefront Civilians at home made sacrifices to help with the war effort War Gardens – personal fruit and vegetable gardens so that more food could be sent to the troops

Homefront Propaganda helped encourage support for war effort. Bonds – loaning the government money to help pay for the war. Rationing – using less of what you want so that more materials can be used for the war or sent to the troops. Propaganda helped encourage support for war effort.

Propaganda

Homefront continued Women work in jobs traditionally held by men – leads to changing a role Pushes women to get the right to vote Most countries grant right to vote before WWI is over. When does the U.S. grant the right to vote?

Objectives Content: Defend why Wilson’s 14 Points were a good solution to WWI. Learning: Describe the changes in warfare during WWI.

WWI Details 1914-1918 Actual fighting began in August when Germany invaded Belgium (a neutral country) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/western_front/index_embed.shtml

Four main fighting fronts: Western (Britain, France, and Germany) Eastern (Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia) Balkan (Serbia, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria) Italian (Italy and Austria-Hungary)

New Weapons of WWI Improved cannons and improved guns (machine guns) New inventions and destructive weapons German “U-boats” (submarines) Tank Poison Gas Combat airplanes (end of war)

Machine Guns

WWI Gas Masks

WWI Tanks

WWI Planes

German U-boats "unterseeboot", or undersea boat in English

Trench Warfare WWI introduces Trench Warfare because of new weapons

                                                                        

The Allies Were Struggling Russian troops were not able to get the supplies they needed. Many were trying to fight with NO bullets. In 1917, the Russian people overthrew their government with the Russian Revolution. It caused Russia to leave the war. Now all of Germany’s attention was on the Western Front.

The U.S. Enters the War Allied forces desperately needed the help, they were drained and starving. The Allies with U.S. help didn’t just stop the German advance, but pushed them back to Germany.

The End of WWI November 11, 1918, Germany’s government is overthrown and the new leaders quickly agree to an armistice (an agreement to end the fighting) http://www.realmilitaryvideos.com/wwi/newsreel-end-of-wwi-in-san-francisco/

After the Armistice More than 9 Million soldiers lost their lives President Woodrow Wilson was seen as a hero to all of Europe Wilsons peace proposal was called “Fourteen Points” Outlined new boundaries and nations in Europe Called for free trade, freedom of the seas and an end to secret treaties

League of Nations Wilson’s final and biggest point was to create the League of Nations, a peacekeeping organization. Wilson’s peace terms were seen as to lenient on the losing nations.

Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The other countries in the Central Powers were dealt with in separate treaties. The Treaty was signed in June 1919.

What did it mean for Germany? The Treaty of Versailles: Forced Germany to accept full blame for the war Took away Germany’s colonies and armed forces Forced Germany to pay $33 billion in war reparations

What did it mean for the world? The Treaty of Versailles: Also divided up the empires of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. Established the League of Nations

But not so fast…. The United States never ratified (approved) the treaty or joined the League of Nations. Many members of Congress did not want the US to join the League of Nations because they did not want more foreign commitments.

Did the Treaty of Versailles Work? The Treaty failed to make Europe “safe for democracy” Germany resented the treaty It helped plant the seeds for WWII