Main Causes of World War I (Ch. 13, Sec. 1)
What were the Long Term causes of WWI? Nationalism (deep devotion to one’s own nation) fueled imperialism & led to militarism Militarism led to an arms race (Germany-naval) & the buildup of large armies in the 1890’s Imperialism led to competition for new markets, raw materials, colonies, & European territory Germany battled France for control of N. Africa / Russia & Austria-Hungary fought for influence over the Balkans
What were the Long Term causes of WWI? (cont’d) In 1907, defensive alliances set stage for WWI / Europe divided into two camps Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, , Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria The Allies were France, Britain, & Russia, later Italy, Japan, and United States joined By 1914, tensions were mounting in Europe as Balkan Peninsula (“powder keg” of Europe) began to heat up
Why was the Balkan region known as “The Powder Keg” of Europe? Balkan Peninsula had seen more than 400 years of constant ethnic & political conflict Following the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, Serbia doubled the size of its territory Russia, a mainly Slavic country, supported Serbian (also mostly Slavic) expansion in the Balkans Austria-Hungary wanted to control the Balkans & were upset when Serbia doubled its size
What were the Short Term causes of WWI? Archduke Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip/Black Hand Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and Russia began to mobilize to aid Serbia Germany (an ally of Austria-Hungary) declared war on Russia & France (Russia’s ally) Germany invaded France through Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany & Austria-Hungary