The Protestant Reformation. The state of Europe Powerful/wealthy Catholic Church Renaissance Humanism Rise of Nations and Nationalism.

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Presentation transcript:

The Protestant Reformation

The state of Europe Powerful/wealthy Catholic Church Renaissance Humanism Rise of Nations and Nationalism

Catholic Church in the 15 th Century Defined by extravagance

Pope Leo X Needed $$$ for St. Peter’s Bascilica Approves the sale of indulgences (buying your way into purgatory/heaven) Money for building project

Martin Luther Theses Criticized practices of the Church (Including sale of indulgences) Edict of Worms Holy Roman Emperor condemned Luther and his writings

95 Theses

1. When Jesus said "repent" he meant that believers should live a whole life repenting 2. Only God can give salvation - not a priest. 3. Inwards penitence must be accompanied with a suitable change in lifestyle. 4. Sin will always remain until we enter Heaven. 5. The pope must act according to canon law. 6. Only God can forgive -the pope can only reassure people that God will do this. 7. A sinner must be humbled in front of his priest before God can forgive him.

Effects of Martin Luther Printing Press = 95 Theses available to many people 1530 – Lutheranism an official branch of Christianity Begins the Protestant Reformation

Protestant England 1527 – Pope refuses to annul King Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon 1534 – Henry breaks with the Catholic Church to divorce his wife, becomes official Head of Church of England

1553 – Queen Mary I – Back to Catholic, death to Protestants! 1558 – Queen Elizabeth I - restores Church of England – persecutes Catholics

The Counter-Reformation Which is really a reformation, and what Martin Luther wanted in the first place

Counter-Reformation The Church response to the Protestant movement

St. Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit Order Concentrate on education Founded schools, missions, and universities

Council of Trent Training of priests regulated Indulgences abolished Got rid of financial abuses Rejects Protestants emphasis on the individual Boost to Catholicism

Women in the Church Before Renaissance, lived only in Convents After… Would help poor/orphans/sick Founded Orders to educate girls train women to be teachers Build schools for girls

Inquisition (not to be confused with the earlier and more violent Spanish Inquisition of Mel Brooks fame) Church court to fight Protestantism Accused Protestants of breaking church law Used torture violence etc… (why not, it works! …right?)

Reading: Brought Before the Inquisition, 1573 Why does Paolo Veronese believe he is brought before the Inquisitors? What issues do they have with the figures in his painting? What is the major complaint about the painting? What does he change? What does the result of the inquiry tell you about the Inquisition as a whole?